chapter 13: sexual dysfunctions, gender, & paraphilic disorders

Question 1

sexual dysfunction

Answer 1

• clinically significant impairment on a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure

Question 2

gender dysphoria

Answer 2

• feelings of distress due to gender identity
• ex not identifying with sex assigned at birth

Question 3

difference between gender and sex

Answer 3

• gender: social construct, socio-cultural aspects
• sex: biological aspects (anatomy, hormones, chromosomes, etc)

Question 4

paraphilic disorders vs paraphilia

Answer 4

• paraphilia: intense and persistant atypical sexual interests, cant be diagnosed unless it causes harm to others/person experiences distress/impairment
• paraphilic disorder: must have paraphilia, but to an extreme

Question 5

sexual response cycle general definition

Answer 5

• changes that occur in the body during sexual arousal, orgasm, and return to unaroused state

Question 6

four stages of sexual response cycle

Answer 6

• excitement
• plateau
• orgasm
• resolution

Question 7

excitement stage of sexual response cycle

Answer 7

genital tissues swell/fill w blood, erection/engorged clit/vaginal lubrication/testes and nipple engorged/muscle tension/increased heart rate/rapid and shallow breathing

Question 8

plateau stage of sexual response cycle

Answer 8

• additional swelling of penis/vulvar/vaginal tissues
• elevated testes
• clit retracts under hood

Question 9

orgasm stage of sexual response cycle

Answer 9

• rhythmic, muscular contractions in genital region occurs at about eight second intervals
• penile orgasm has two stages: 1. seminal fluid collects at the urethral bulb at base of penis 2. contractions lead to expulsion of ejaculate
• uterus and vaginas: uterus muscles surrounding vagina contract during orgasm
• blood pressure and heart rate peak

Question 10

resolution stage of sexual response cycle

Answer 10

• gradual return to pre arousal state
• refractory period: unresponsive to further sexual stimulation

Question 11

dsm5 sexual dysfunctions categories

Answer 11

• sexual desire and arousal disorders
• orgasmic disorders
• genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Question 12

if the disorder is fairly recent in onset it is referred to as ______ sexual dysfunction whereas if it is persistent for an extended period of time it is _______ sexual dysfunction

Answer 12

Acquired, lifelong

Question 13

if the disorder is only present in one situation (ie one partner/just masturbation) it is referred to as ______ sexual dysfunction whereas if it is present in all situations even non sexual (ie dr appointments) it is _______ sexual dysfunction

Answer 13

situational, generalized

Question 14

t or f: the most frequent sexual dysfunction regardless of sex/gender is desire and arousal issues

Answer 14

false, true for women but for men it is erectile disorder and premature ejaculation

Question 15

hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Answer 15

• persistently/recurrently deficient (absent) sexual/erotic thoughts/fantasies and desire for sexual activity
• min 6 months
• distressing

Question 16

erectile disorder

Answer 16

• difficulties obtaining an erection during sexual activity, maintaining erection until completion, and/or decreased erectile rigidity
• min 6 months
• distressing
• can be impacted by: smoking, heart disease, and age

Question 17

female orgasmic disorder

Answer 17

• marked delay/infrequency/absence of orgasm or reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations
• min 6 months
• distressing

Question 18

orgasmic gap

Answer 18

• notable difference between women and men during penetrative sexual activity
• women report lower orgasm frequency

Question 19

Delayed ejaculation

Answer 19

• marked delay/infrequency/absence of ejaculation in over 75% of sexual interactions
• min 6 months
• delay must not be desired and are distressed

Question 20

premature ejaculation

Answer 20

• persistent/recurring pattern of ejaculation during penetrative sex within 1 min of penetration
• before person wishes, distressing
• min 6 months and occur in all or over 75% of sexual occasions

Question 21

average intravaginal ejaculatory latency time

Answer 21

5-6 minutes

Question 22

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Answer 22

• persistant/recurring difficulties w: vaginal penetration during intercourse, vulvovaginal/pelvic pain during vaginal intercourse/penetration attempts, fear/anxiety abt vulvovaginal/pelvic pain in anticipation of/during/from vaginal penetration, and/or tensing/tightening of pelvic floor muscles during vaginal penetration attempt
• min 6 months
• distress causing

Question 23

vaginismus vs dyspareunia

Answer 23

• vaginismus: anxiety/fear causing difficulty, focus on tightening of pelvic muscles, more display avoidance behaviours
• dyspareunia: painful sexual intercourse

Question 24

hypersexuality

Answer 24

• total sexual outlet (orgasms) of >7 per week
• 6 months min
• some research suggestion due to addiction, desire dysregulation
• loos of control over sexual urges, fantasies, behaviours
• often engage in sexual activity to regulate negative emotional states

Question 25

what hormones are involved in sexual activity and desire

Answer 25

• estrogen
• androgen
• prolactin

Question 26

fetishistic disorder

Answer 26

• sexual arousal from non-living things or highly specific body part that is not genitals
• significantly distressing

Question 27

transvestic disorder/transvestism

Answer 27

• transvestism: cross dressing for sexual excitement
• transvestic disorder: cross dressing for over 6 months and causes significant distress

Question 28

sexual sadism/masochism

Answer 28

sadism: inflict pain on others for arousal
masochism: enjoy experiencing pain (ex hypoxyphillia: oxy deprivation)
- diagnosis is given when urges are distressing or sadist inflict non-consensually

Question 29

pedophellic disorder

Answer 29

• exclusive (only children) and non-exclusive (children and adults)
• must be over 16 and be at least 5 years older
• displayed preference for sexual behaviour with a child
• classic (prepubescent), hebophellic (pubescent), or pedohebphellic (both)

Question 30

why is rape/sexual assault not always a sadistic disorder?

Answer 30

• they may not be motived by the arousal from physically/psychologically hurting someone

Question 31

Etiology of sexual offending

Answer 31

• conditioning (courtship disorder theory)
• feminist theories (patriarchy)
• neurodevelopmental theories
• childhood/social development

Question 32

main risk factors for sexual offending

Answer 32

• antisocial traits
• sexual deviance
• intimacy deficits

Question 33

treatments for sexual disorders

Answer 33

• medication (anti-androgens)
• behaviour therapy (ineffective)
• comprehensive programs (risk/need/responsibility)