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Clinical Psych > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

psychological abnormality

A
  • behaviour, speech, or thought that impairs the ability of a person to function in a way that is generally expected of them in their context
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2
Q

What term is often used instead of psychological abnormalities

A

psychopathology (study of those with psychological abnormaities)

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3
Q

wakefield concluded that harmful dysfunction is the key notion. What is dysfunction referring to

A
  • ‘failure of internal mechanisms to perform naturally selected functions
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4
Q

according to wakefield what two criteria does one need to fit in order to conclude that a behaviour is disordered

A
  • scientific judgement that there is a failure of designed function
  • value judgement that said failure harms the individual
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5
Q

t or f: wakefield argues that even if an individual may or may not be able to perform natural functions, their behaviour can still be called abnormal

A

false, unless the individual is unable to perform a natural function, it doesnt make sense to call a behaviour abnormal

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6
Q

how can abnormal and evolutionary psychology be linked?

A
  • evolutionary: what doesnt help organisms reproduce can be considered dysfunctional
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7
Q

What relationship did Thomas Szaz believe mirrors that of psychiatrist/patient

A

church/witch

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8
Q

What are the four general attempts at recognizing behaviour as abnormal

A
  • Diagnosis by professional
  • Personal distress
  • Statistical concept
  • Violation of norms
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9
Q

In 1928, what act was passed deeming that those who were ‘mentally ill’ were to be sterilized to prevent deterioration of the general public’s intellect.

A

sexual sterilization act

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10
Q

What is the procedure called in old times when people would drill holes in the skull while people were alive and what are the explanations

A
  • trephination
  • hole to let out evil spirits
  • remove bone splinters or blood clots from warfare
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11
Q

hippocrates

A
  • father of modern medicine
  • denied belief that psychological problems were caused by
    intervention of gods/demons
  • ‘wandering uterus’>hysteria
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12
Q

disturbances in body fluid, or ________, were thought to have been the cause of mental illness

A

humours

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13
Q

Where were asylums established?

A

Arab cities

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14
Q

According to luther, what are the two different types of possession and what differentiates them

A

Corporally (bodily): one becomes mad
Spiritually: one is a witch

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15
Q

Paracelsus

A
  • rejected the four humours theory and instead claimed mental illness resulted from disturbances of the spiritus vitae (breath of life)
  • treated people with early version of hynosis
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16
Q

St Vitus’ dance

A
  • aka tarantella
  • people leaping/dancing/jumping around uncontrollably, sometimes convulsing
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17
Q

Johannes Wayner

A
  • rejected exorcism
  • advocated for natural/physical treatments
18
Q

Where was the first mental institution in north america

A
  • mexico, built by spaniards
19
Q

where does the term lunatic stem from

A
  • latin for moon, luna
  • Paracelsus thought the moon to play a role in emotional and mental processing
20
Q

bedlam

A
  • rowdy, chaotic behaviour
  • local corruption of Bethlehem
  • come from disruption from residents of mental institutions being distracted by tourists
21
Q

Pinel

A
  • emphasized role of social and psychological factors that contribute to development of mental illness
  • saw asylums as therapeutic
  • treatment of pateints should be respectful
22
Q

mental hygiene movement

A
  • desire to protect people and provide humane treatment for those with mental illness
23
Q

moral therapy

A
  • a therapeutic approach that emphasized character and spiritual development, and called for kindness on the part of all who came in contact with the patient
24
Q

biological approaches to causes of mental illness

A
  • hereditary
  • infections
  • disordered brain chemistry
25
Q

degeneration theory

A
  • deviations from normal functioning are transmitted by hereditary processes and they progressively degrease over generations
  • introduced by Benedict morel
26
Q

What did Lombroso determine about criminality

A
  • it is hereditary
  • can be seen through the shape of a person’s skull
27
Q

What did Emily Kraepelin do

A
  • published ‘Clinical Psychiatry’ that attempted to classify mental illness
  • coined groups of syndromes often occurring together as syndromes
  • found that they also differed in age of onset and lifespan
  • suggested that different disorders had different causes, thought all to be biological
28
Q

GPI

A
  • General paresis of the insane
  • aka neurosyphilis
  • untreated syphilis leads to this
  • mania, grandiosa, and euphoria
    -later: dementia/paralysis
  • cured through injection of either tuberculin or typhus
29
Q

somatogenesis

A
  • psychopathology is caused by biological factors
  • soma=body
30
Q

shock therapy

A
  • cold water submersions
31
Q

what illness were insulin induced comas used to (successfully) treat

A

schizophrenia

32
Q

what did Meduna suggest would alleviate schizophrenia symptoms

A
  • inducing convulsions/seizures by administration of Metrazol
  • half recovered
33
Q

ECT

A
  • electroconvulsive therapy
  • first done by Ugo Cerletti, after animal studies to determine lethal shock levels, 80-100 volts
  • used to cause broken limbs/cracked vertebrae
34
Q

curare

A
  • poison from south american vine that when applied in small doses could relax the limbs of patients
  • later replaced with succunylcholine
35
Q

agonist vs antagonist

A
  • agonist: facilitates production of acetylcholine
  • antagonist: inhibits production
36
Q

What was one of the first experiments that used drugs to combat anxiety

A
  • drugs given to soldiers to calm them before surgery
  • drug: chlorpromazine
37
Q

psychological approaches of understanding mental illness

A
  • hypnotism
  • behaviourism
38
Q

Anton Mesmer

A
  • hysteria (aka conversion disorder)
  • thought it was due to disturbed distribution of magnetic fluid
  • treatment: touched by mesmer with rods that transmitted magnetic force that rearranges fluids and cures disorder
  • paved way for hypnotism
39
Q

cathartic method

A
  • using hypnosis to allow patients to relive past events thought to have caused hysteria in order to exhaust the emotional problems that resulted from it
40
Q

What did watson claim about problematic functuioning

A

that it resulted from unfortunate conditioning experiencesn

41
Q

lobotomy

A
  • surgical removal or disconnection of the frontal lobe
42
Q

EBP

A
  • evidence based practice
  • reduces liability and increases accountability
  • using evidence from research and other means to get best possible diagnoses???/÷?

Clinical Psych (16 decks)

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