chapter 17: therapies

Question 1

biological treatments

Answer 1

• psychopharmacology
• neurostimulation treatments (electrical/magnetic stimulation)

Question 2

psychotropic agents def and the 5 types

Answer 2

• meds that affect a person’s neurobiological/psychological functioning
• types: antidepressant, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and stimulants

Question 3

antidepressants

Answer 3

• treats: depressive disorder and comorbid disorders (anxiety, OCD, and eating disorders)
• MAOIs, tricyclics, SSRI, SNRI, NDRI
• can induce mania

Question 4

anxiolytics

Answer 4

• treats: anxiety (and related disorders)
• benzodiazepine
• effects within minutes

Question 5

Antipsychotics

Answer 5

• treats: schizophrenia and related disorders (positive symptoms)
• typical: the og, bad side effects, extrapyramidal effects
• atypical:bind to dopamine receptors differently, need routine blood tests to monitor white blood cells
• reduce symptoms within a few weeks(hallucinations)/days (delusions)

Question 6

mood stabilizers

Answer 6

• treats: bipolar disorder and related mood disturbances
• target highs and lows
  -lithium

Question 7

stimulant

Answer 7

• treats: ADHD
• increase activity in CNS giving more alertness and focus
• amphetamine-based (adderall, increase norepinephrine and dopamine) or methylphenidate based (ritalin, increase both but mainly dopamine)

Question 8

neurostimulation treatments

Answer 8

• TMS (magnetic pulses to the brain to create temporary lesions, all neurons reset at once) used for: major depression, OCD, and eating disorders
• ECT (medically induced seizure) used for: major depression, bipolar, schizophrenia. usually requires 6-15 treatments for mood disorders, more for schizophrenia
• Vagus Nerve Stimulation (implant device stimulating vagus nerve with electrical impulses) for: treatment resistant depression

Question 9

treatment modalities

Answer 9

• individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and couple therapy, etc

Question 10

most common theoretical orientation

Answer 10

• Cognitive behavioural

Question 11

treatment efficacy vs effectiveness

Answer 11

• efficacy: how well treatment works in ideal conditions
• effectiveness: how well treatment works in real world

Question 12

moderator vs mediator

Answer 12

• moderator: for whom and under what conditions the therapy works
• mediator: how a therapy works/mechanisms

Question 13

psychodynamic

Answer 13

• freud
• ppl’s probs can be understood in terms of conscious psychological process
• modify internal structures
• openly speaking clients
• transference
• one-person models: client’s intrapsychic processes, what occurs within the client’s mind, and position the therapist as a neutral observer
• two-person models: inter-psychic or interpersonal processes, interactions between the client’s psychology and the relational environment, which include the contributions of the therapist and therapeutic relationship

Question 14

universality

Answer 14

when in group therapy ppl realize others are going through similar situations

Question 15

group process

Answer 15

• dev and exploration of relationships within the group

Question 16

EFCT

Answer 16

• emotionally focused couple therapy
• based in attachment theory

Question 17

family therapy movement was influenced by _____ theory

Answer 17

• systems
• puts emphasis on family influence

Question 18

humanistic-experiential approaches

Answer 18

• rejects determinalistic views of traditional therapies
• examines: death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness (also, love, isolation, creativity and destiny)
• safe, empathetic enviro, put yourself in clients shoes
• linked with existential psychotherapy
• most successful version: Emotion focused therapy

Question 19

self-psychology

Answer 19

• first used to treat NPD
• difficulties in how once sees themselves
• wants validation (mirroring transference)

Question 20

gestalt therapy

Answer 20

• empty chair work (speak to empty chair that is imaged to be a part of them)
• reduces psychological process into elemental parts (stimulus and response)

Question 21

Cognitive behavioural approaches

Answer 21

• human behaviour is based on behavioural principals of learning, modelling, and conditioning
• ex. token reward, exposure therapy
• issues can be helped by identifying and modifying maladaptive patterns
• cognitive mediation model (the way a person thinks affects their response)
• brief

Question 22

third wave therapies

Answer 22

• mindfulness based cognitive therapy
• acceptance and commitment therapy
• DBT

Question 23

______ ____ is when clients and therapists take on scientist roles to test validity of a clients thought, used in ______

Answer 23

collaborative empiricism, CBT

Question 24

CBT interventions

Answer 24

• cognitive restructuring (thought record)
• cognitive defusion (step back)
• exposure therapy
• behavioural activation (reinforcement)
• committed action (goals)
• reinforcement (operant conditioning)
• assertiveness training (communicate needs)
• problem solving training
• relaxation training

Question 25

five principals Goldfried argued were a part of all psychotherapy

Answer 25

• increasing ppls positive expectations and motivation for treatment