chapter 12: PD Flashcards
what two things do personality disorders by definition imply
- they manifest as an enduring, inflexible pattern of maladaptive behaviours that are generalized and trait like overtime
- symptoms represent extreme presentations of typical personality traits
t or f: personality traits reflect aspects of behaviours that vary across time and situations
false, they are relatively consistent
part of what defines healthy personality development is the ability to respond ____ and _____ in the face of changing environmental demnads
Flexibly and appropriately
FFM
- five factor model
- Neuroticism (experience unpleasant emotions)
- Openness to experience (curious)
- Conscientiousness (motivation, punctual, organized)
- Extraversion (social interaction vs solitude)
- Agreeableness (cooperation)
Is the Five factor model categorical or dimensional
dimensional
three clusters of PD
- Cluster a: Odd or eccentric features (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)
- Cluster b: dramatic, emotional, erratic features (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic)
- Cluster c: anxious or fearful features (avoidant, dependant, obsessive-compulsive)
paranoid PD
- pattern of distrust/suspiciousness/resentment
- others motives are interpreted as malevolent
- self referential thinking
Schizoid PD
- pattern of detachment
- withdrawal from social relationships
- restricted range of emotional expression
- reduced sensitivity to pleasure
Schizotypal PD
- pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships
- cognitive/perceptual distortions
- eccentricities of behaviour
Borderline PD
- pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self image and affects
- marked by impulsivity
Antisocial PD
- pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
Histrionic PD
- pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Narcissistic PD
- pattern of grandiosity
- need for admiration
- lack of empathy
Avoidant PD
- pattern of social disinhibition
- feelings of inadequacy
- hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Dependant PD
- pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour
- related to excessive need to be taken care of
Obsessive-compulsive PD
- pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control
In addition to the three clusters, what else does the DSM5 propose as a diagnosis
- Personality change due to medical condition
- other specified personality disorder (meet criteria for many personality disorder but not all for one specific one)
- unspecified personality disorder (meet general PD criteria but core symptoms arent that of PD)
Limitations of PD research
- low base rates (underfunded)
- harmful stereotypes
- few have empirically supported treatments
factors that influence or promote development of a disease are called _______ factors
etiological
What is the only PD that is also diagnosable as another mental disorder by the DSM5
schizotypal PD
systematized delusions
- logical and coherent delusions
- based on false grounds
- Ie highly improbably but not impossible
two factor structure for PPD (paranoid) symptoms
- suspiciousness (suspicion of harm/deception of other w no sufficient basis, doubt of friends loyalty, does not confide in others incase info is used against them, perceive events as having hidden messages/threats)
- hostility (bearing grudges, take things as attacks and quickly counter attack, suspicion of cheating of a partner unjustly)
what is hostile attribution bias and which PD does it relate to
- a mistreated child’s tendency to intemperate neutral interpersonal cues as hostile and respond aggressively
- PPD
t or f: usually PPD is rare to be combined with other psychiatric disorders characterized by paranoia
false, it is rare to not be comorbid
schizotypy
- constellation of traits thought to create vulnerability to schizophrenia
Schizotypal PD symptom groupings
- Cognitive and perceptual (paranoia)
- Interpersonal (lack of friends, social anxiety, constricted affect)
- Disorganization (odd behaviour/appearance, odd speech)
difference between psychopathy and ASPD
ASPD: observable behaviours
Psychopathy: focus on deception, lying, fearlessness, etc
_____ is different from other PDs as it must be present from childhood or early adolescence (before 15 y/o)
ASPD, conduct disorder must be present
BPD is considered the borderline of _____ and ______
psychosis and neurosis
most well studied form of personality pathology
BPD
BPD treatment
- DBT
two main types of maladaptive dependency
- submissive (fearful, difficulty making decisions)
- exploitable (desire to please others/avoid conflict)
egosyntonic
- not viewing symptoms as problematic
