Chapter 5 Flashcards
Dehydration
Loss of water molecule to form bond
Hydrolysis
Adding of water to break bond
What are monosaccharides classified by?
Carbons in skeleton, location of carbonyl, location of hydroxyl, linear or ring structure
Building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
Non polar amino acid
Have hydrocarbon side chain
Polar amino acid
Have Electronegative atoms in side chains
What are the end terminus’s?
Carboxyl (c), amino acid (n)
Primary structure
Letters in a sequence
Secondary structure
Coiled or folded
Tertiary structure
Overall structure / shape
Quaternary structure
4 polypeptides to make up hemoglobin
What can cause a protein to unravel
Change in pH, salt concentration, temp, or environmental factors
Denaturation
Loss of protein structure
8 types of proteins
Enzymatic, storage, defensive,transport, hormonal, receptor, structural, contractile and motor
DNA
Stores and transmits genetic info in the nucleus
RNA
Use of encoded DNA by specifying he information needed to synthesize proteins
Flow of genetic information
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Types of nitrogenous based
Purines and pyrimidines
Purines
6-membered ring joined to 5-membered ring - adenine and guanine
Pyrimidines
Single 6-membered ring of Caron and nitrogen atoms - cytosine, thymine (DNA only) , uracil (RNA only)
Nucleic acids grow from
5’ to 3’ - each nucleotide is added to the 3’ carbon of the last sugar
Purines-pyrimidines pairs
Fit inside the double helix ; purine-purine = not enough space , pyrimidines-pyrimidines = too much space , purine-pyrimidines= perfect
Lipids are a diverse group of _____
Hydrophobic molecules and they do not form polymers
Unifying feature of lipids
Have little or no affinity for water because they consist of mostly hydrocarbons which form no polar covalent bonds
Most important lipids
Fats, phospholipids, steroids
Functions of fats
Energy storage, insulation, cushion organs, protective barrier of cells
Saturated fatty acids
Low fluidity and high melting point ; C-H bonds are single, no double bonds, linear molecules
Unsaturated fatty acids
High fluidity and low melting point ; 1 or more C=C bonds
Phospholipid properties
Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ; conferring unique a phi-attic properties
Steroids
Lipids with a carbon skeleton containing 4 fused rings
