Chapter 5

Question 1

Dehydration

Answer 1

Loss of water molecule to form bond

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

Adding of water to break bond

Question 3

What are monosaccharides classified by?

Answer 3

Carbons in skeleton, location of carbonyl, location of hydroxyl, linear or ring structure

Question 4

Building blocks of proteins

Answer 4

Amino acids

Question 5

Non polar amino acid

Answer 5

Have hydrocarbon side chain

Question 6

Polar amino acid

Answer 6

Have Electronegative atoms in side chains

Question 7

What are the end terminus’s?

Answer 7

Carboxyl (c), amino acid (n)

Question 8

Primary structure

Answer 8

Letters in a sequence

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

Coiled or folded

Question 10

Tertiary structure

Answer 10

Overall structure / shape

Question 11

Quaternary structure

Answer 11

4 polypeptides to make up hemoglobin

Question 12

What can cause a protein to unravel

Answer 12

Change in pH, salt concentration, temp, or environmental factors

Question 13

Denaturation

Answer 13

Loss of protein structure

Question 14

8 types of proteins

Answer 14

Enzymatic, storage, defensive,transport, hormonal, receptor, structural, contractile and motor

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

Stores and transmits genetic info in the nucleus

Question 16

RNA

Answer 16

Use of encoded DNA by specifying he information needed to synthesize proteins

Question 17

Flow of genetic information

Answer 17

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Question 18

Types of nitrogenous based

Answer 18

Purines and pyrimidines

Question 19

Purines

Answer 19

6-membered ring joined to 5-membered ring - adenine and guanine

Question 20

Pyrimidines

Answer 20

Single 6-membered ring of Caron and nitrogen atoms - cytosine, thymine (DNA only) , uracil (RNA only)

Question 21

Nucleic acids grow from

Answer 21

5’ to 3’ - each nucleotide is added to the 3’ carbon of the last sugar

Question 22

Purines-pyrimidines pairs

Answer 22

Fit inside the double helix ; purine-purine = not enough space , pyrimidines-pyrimidines = too much space , purine-pyrimidines= perfect

Question 23

Lipids are a diverse group of _____

Answer 23

Hydrophobic molecules and they do not form polymers

Question 24

Unifying feature of lipids

Answer 24

Have little or no affinity for water because they consist of mostly hydrocarbons which form no polar covalent bonds

Question 25

Most important lipids

Answer 25

Fats, phospholipids, steroids

Question 26

Functions of fats

Answer 26

Energy storage, insulation, cushion organs, protective barrier of cells

Question 27

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 27

Low fluidity and high melting point ; C-H bonds are single, no double bonds, linear molecules

Question 28

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 28

High fluidity and low melting point ; 1 or more C=C bonds

Question 29

Phospholipid properties

Answer 29

Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ; conferring unique a phi-attic properties

Question 30

Steroids

Answer 30

Lipids with a carbon skeleton containing 4 fused rings