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Biology > Chapter 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of leaves

A

Provide surface area

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2
Q

Function of stems

A

Support and elevate

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3
Q

Function of roots

A

Anchor and absorb

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4
Q

Function of dermal tissue

A

Protects organs

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5
Q

Function of vascular tissue

A

Supports and transports

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6
Q

Function of ground tissue

A

Carries out photosynthesis

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7
Q

Function of photosynthetic cells

A

Contain chloroplasts

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8
Q

Function of tube-shaped cells

A

Transport resources

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9
Q

Function of cells with root hairs

A

Increase surface area

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10
Q

Two different “systems” of plants

A

Root and shoot systems

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11
Q

Shoots rely on …

A

Water and minerals absorbed by the root system

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12
Q

Roots rely on …

A

Sugar produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system

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13
Q

Functions of roots

A

Anchoring the plant, absorbing minerals and water, and storing carbs

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14
Q

Types of roots

A

Primary root is the first to emerge, and then branches to form lateral roots

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15
Q

Types of roots in tall vs small plants

A

Taproot , fibrous

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16
Q

What do symbiotic interactions do?

A

Increase mineral absorption

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17
Q

Prop roots

A

Above ground (corn)

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18
Q

Storage roots

A

Store water and nutrients in the roots (beets)

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19
Q

Pneumatophores roots

A

Low tide, exposes them to sunlight and oxygen

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20
Q

“Strangling” roots

A

Grows around objects, grows up, and ends up killing the tree it surrounds

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21
Q

What is a node?

A

Point at which the leaves are attached

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22
Q

What are internodes?

A

Stem segments in between nodes

23
Q

What is the shoot tip or apical bud?

A

Causes elongation of a young shoot

24
Q

What is an axillary bud?

A

Has potential to form a lateral branch, thorn, or flower

25
Q

Stolons stem function

A

Strawberry stolons produce new individuals at nodes aboveground

26
Q

Rhizomes stem function

A

Rhizomes produce new individuals at nodes belowground and store carbs

27
Q

Tubers stems functions

A

Tubers such as potatoes store carbs such as starch

28
Q

Things that leaves do

A

Intercept light, exchange gases, dissipate heat, defend against herbivores and pathogens

29
Q

3 tissue systems of plants

A

Dermal, vascular, ground

30
Q

Epidermal cells

A

Secrete waxy cuticle which protects against pathogen and viruses

31
Q

Trichomes

A

Protective structures keep plant cool, protect against sunlight, minimize water loss, regulate gas exchange in shoots, toxins, or barbs to protect from herbivores

32
Q

What is the stomata?

A

Pores that allow co2 and o2 exchange between the air and photosynthetic cells in leaf ; each has 2 guard cells

33
Q

What do the stomata guard cells do?

A

Regulate the opening and closing

34
Q

What does vascular tissue do?

A

Facilitates transport of materials through the plant and provides mechanical support

35
Q

Two types of vascular tissue

A

Xylem and phloem

36
Q

Xylem def

A

Conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots into the shoots

37
Q

Phloem def

A

Transports sugars from where they are made (primarily leaves) to storage structures or sites of growth

38
Q

2 types of water-conducting cells of the xylem

A

Tracheids and vessel elements

39
Q

Tracheids

A

Long thin cells with tapered ends ; water moves between them through pits (thin regions lacking cell wall)

40
Q

Vessel elements

A

Wider, shorter, thinner walled, less tapered, aligned end to end forming pipes (vessels) ; the end walls have perforation plates that enable water to flow freely through vessels

41
Q

Sieve cells vs sieve tubes

A

Sieve cells are in seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms ; sieve tubes are in angiosperms

42
Q

Ground tissue function

A

Includes cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis, support, and short-distance transport

43
Q

What are meristems

A

Unspecialized tissues composed of dividing cells ; apical and lateral (herbaceous plants only have apical)

44
Q

Apical meristems

A

Allow for primary growth, or elongation of shoots and roots

45
Q

3 primary meristems and what they produce

A

Protoderm (dermal tissue) ; ground meristem (ground tissue) ; procambium (vascular tissue)

46
Q

Ground tissue is primarily composed of …

A

Parenchyma cells

47
Q

What kind of cells strengthen and support the stem?

A

Colleen Hyman and sclerenchyma

48
Q

3 sections of growth

A

Zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of differentiation or maturation

49
Q

Endodermis

A

Innermost layer of cortex ; regulates passage into and out of the vascular cylinder

50
Q

2 types of lateral meristems

A

Vascular cambium ; cork cambium

51
Q

Vascular cambium

A

Adds vascular tissue called secondary xylem and secondary phloem

52
Q

Cork cambium

A

Replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher periderm

53
Q

Early wood

A

Spring ; thin cell walls to maximize water delivery

54
Q

Late wood

A

Summer ; thick-walled cells and contributes more to stem support

Biology (19 decks)

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