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Pathology > Chapter 4 - Hemostasis, hemorrhagic disorders, and thrombosis > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Hemostasis, hemorrhagic disorders, and thrombosis Flashcards

1
Q

HIT syndrome occurs following the administration of which of the following?

A. Fractionated heparin
B. Unfractionated heparin
C. LMW heparin
D. Synthetic heparin

A

B. Unfractionated heparin

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2
Q

Which of the following is the most serious complication of HIT?

A. Thrombocytopenia
B. Thrombosis
C. Cardiac arrest
D. Respiratory failure

A

B. Thrombosis

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3
Q

All of the following are TRUE about Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) EXCEPT:

A. Autoimmune disorder
B. May be primary or secondary
C. Presence of only one aPL autoantibody
D. Characterized by venous or arterial thromboses or pregnancy complications

A

C. Presence of only one aPL autoantibody

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4
Q

Arterial thrombi is most commonly found in what arteries?

A. Coronary
B. Cerebral
C. Femoral
D. Deep vein

A

A. Coronary

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5
Q

All of the following are TRUE about thrombi EXCEPT:

A. Arterial or cardiac thrombi begins at endothelial injury
B. Venous thrombi occur at sites of stasis
C. Phlebothrombosis is also known as arterial thrombi
D. Thrombi on heart valves are called vegetations

A

C. Phlebothrombosis is also known as arterial thrombi

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6
Q

This is the result of fibrinolysis, which can lead to the rapid shrinkage and total disappearance of recent thrombi

A. Propagation
B. Embolization
C. Dissolution
D. Organization and recanalization

A

C. Dissolution

Propagation - add’l platelets
Embolization - thrombi dislodge and travel to other sites
Organization and recanalization - organized by endothelial cells, SMC, and fibroblasts

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7
Q

All of the following are TRUE about venous thrombosis EXCEPT:

A. Most occur in superficial or deep veins of the leg
B. Saphenous veins : in setting of varicosities
C. Often associated with hypocoagulable states
D. Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau syndome): thromboembolism in disseminated cancer)

A

C. Often associated with hypocoagulable states

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8
Q

All of the following are TRUE about arterial and cardiac thrombosis EXCEPT:

A. Any tissue may be affected
B. Both cardiac and aortic mural thrombi are prone to embolization
C. The least cause is atherosclerosis
D. Due to loss of endothelial integrity and with abnormal blood flow

A

C. The least cause is atherosclerosis

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9
Q

All of the following are TRUE about DIC EXCEPT:

A. Also called as consumptive coagulopathy
B. May be sudden or insidious onset
C. Widespread thrombosis within macrocirculation
D. May include obstetric complications and malignancies

A

C. Widespread thrombosis within macrocirculation

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10
Q

All of the following are TRUE about embolism EXCEPT:

A. Thrombus is referred to as detached intravascular solid, liquid, gaseous mass
B. Carried by blood from origin to a distant site
C. Vast majority are dislodged thrombi called thromboembolism
D. Can lodge anywhere in the vascular tree

A

A. Thrombus is referred to as detached intravascular solid, liquid, gaseous mass

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11
Q

All of the following are TRUE about pulmonary embolism EXCEPT:

A. Originates from DVT
B. More common in males than in females
C. 95% of the cases come from arm DVT
D. The patient who has had one PE is at high risk for more

A

C. 95% of the cases come from arm DVT

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12
Q

All of the following are TRUE about major consequences of PE EXCEPT:

A. Most pulmonary emboli (60-80%) are clinically silent
B. Multiple emboli can cause pulmonary hypertension
C. Sudden death and acute left heart failure occur when emboli obstruct 60% or more of the pulmonary circulation
D. Embolic obstruction of medium-sized arteries result in pulmonary hemorrhage

A

C. Sudden death and acute left heart failure occur when emboli obstruct 60% or more of the pulmonary circulation

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13
Q

All of the following are TRUE about systemic thromboembolism EXCEPT:

A. 80% of the systemic emboli arise from intracardiac mural thrombi
B. 2/3 are associated with right ventricular wall infarcts
C. 1/4 are associated with left atrial dilation and fibrillation
D. 10 - 15% have unknown origin

A

B. 2/3 are associated with right ventricular wall infarcts

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14
Q

Which of the following is the general outcome of systemic embolism?

A. Thrombosis
B. Severe bleeding
C. Tissue infarction
D. Hypertension

A

C. Tissue infarction

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15
Q

All of the following are TRUE about fat embolism EXCEPT:

A. Presence of fat globules of long bones
B. Occurs in 90% of individuals with severe skeletal injuries
C. Fat embolism syndrome is applied to asymptomatic minority of patients
D. None of the above

A

C. Fat embolism syndrome is applied to asymptomatic minority of patients

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16
Q

Fat embolism syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Pulmonary insufficiency
B. Neurologic symptoms
C. Anemia
D. Thrombocytosis

A

D. Thrombocytosis

17
Q

All of the following are TRUE about decompression sickness EXCEPT:

A. Sudden increase in atmospheric pressure
B. Scuba and deep sea divers are at risk
C. Nitrogen comes out of the solution in tissues and blood when diver ascends too rapidly
D. None of the options

A

A. Sudden increase in atmospheric pressure

18
Q

All of the following are TRUE about amniotic fluid embolism EXCEPT:

A. Fifth most common cause of maternal mortality worldwide
B. Ominous complication of labor and the immediate postpartum period
C. Mortality rate is 10%
D. Characterized by sudden severe dyspnea, cyanosis, and shock

A

C. Mortality rate is 10%

19
Q

This refers to an area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of either the arterial supply or the venous drainage.

A. Pus
B. Infarct
C. Thrombus
D. Embolus

A

B. Infarct

20
Q

All of the following are TRUE about red infarcts EXCEPT:

A. Venous occlusions
B. Occur in organs with end-arterial circulation (lung and small intestine)
C. Considered hemorrhagic
D. May occur in loose, spongy tissues

A

B. Occur in organs with end-arterial circulation

21
Q

Which of the following is most vulnerable to hypoxia?

A. Neurons
B. Myocardial cells
C. Fibroblasts
D. Muscle cells

A

A. Neurons

22
Q

Fluid loss from severe burns is an example of what type of shock?

A. Cardiogenic
B. Hypovolemic
C. Septic
D. SIRS

A

B. Hypovolemic

23
Q

Septic shock is most frequently triggered by which of the following?

A. Bacterial infection
B. Viral infection
C. Super antigens
D. Fungal infection

A

A. Bacterial infection

24
Q

Acidosis is prominent in what stage of shock?

A. Non progressive
B. Progressive
C. Irreversible
D. Intermittent

A

B. Progressive

Nonprogressive = vital organ perfusion is maintained
Progressive = hypoperfusion and metabolic derangement
Irreversible = severe; survival is not possible
25
Q

Fibrin thrombi is most readily visualized in which of the following?

A. Alveolar ducts
B. Kidney glomeruli
C. Parietal lobe of the brain
D. Adrenal gland

A

B. Kidney glomeruli

Pathology (15 decks)

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