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Pathology > Chapter 14 - Diseases of Red Blood Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Diseases of Red Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the most common nutritional disorder in the world?

A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Pernicious anemia
C. Anemia of chronic inflammation
D. Megaloblastic anemia

A

A. Iron deficiency anemia

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2
Q

80% of the functional iron is found in the __________.

A. Myoglobin
B. Cytochromes
C. Hemoglobin
D. Iron-containing enzymes

A

C. Hemoglobin

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3
Q

In iron-overloaded cells, most iron is stored in ___________.

A. Ferritin
B. Hemosiderin
C. Myoglobin
D. Hemoglobin

A

B. Hemosiderin

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4
Q

Dietary iron is absorbed in the _______.

A. Proximal duodenum
B. Distal duodenum
C. Proximal jejunum
D. Distal jejunum

A

A. Proximal duodenum

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about hepcidin?

A. Synthesized in the kidney
B. Regulates iron absorption in the jejunum
C. Released in response to increases in iron levels
D. High hepcidin levels facilitates iron absorption

A

C. Released in response to increases in iron levels

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6
Q

All of the following enhances the iron absorption EXCEPT

A. Ascorbic acid
B. Citric acid
C. Tannates
D. Sugars in diet
E. Amino acid
A

C. Tannates

Inhibits = “- ates”

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7
Q

Which of the following IDA findings is best assessed by performing Prussian blue stain on smears?

A. Microcytic cells
B. Hypochromic cells
C. Absence of stainable iron in macrophages
D. Increased erythroid progenitors
E. Poikilocytosis
A

C. Absence of stainable iron in macrophages

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8
Q

All of the following are chronic microbial infections that may cause anemia EXCEPT

A. Osteomyelitis
B. Endocarditis
C. Lung abscess
D. Rheumatoid arthritis

A

D. Rheumatoid arthritis

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9
Q

Which of the following inflammatory mediators stimulate an increase in the hepatic production of hepcidin?

A. IL2
B. IL4
C. IL6
D. IL8

A

C. IL6

Hepcidin = HEXidin = 6

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10
Q

It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder
caused by defects in a multiprotein complex required
for DNA repair

A. Aplastic anemia
B. Fanconi anemia
C. Thalassemia
D. Persistent marrow aplasia

A

B. Fanconi anemia

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11
Q

All of the following chemical agents are major causes of aplastic anemia EXCEPT

A. Benzene
B. Chloramphenicol
C. Silver salts
D. Inorganic arsenicals
E. Carbamazepine
A

C. Silver salts

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12
Q

Which of the following is best diagnosis of aplasia?

A. CT scan
B. Lumbar tap
C. Marrow biopsy
D. Blood test

A

C. Marrow biopsy

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13
Q

All of the following are TRUE about aplastic anemia EXCEPT

A. Can occur at any age and in either sex
B. Presence of pancytopenia
C. Has fast onset
D. There is progressive weakness, pallor, and dyspnea

A

C. Has fast onset

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14
Q

Acute red cell aplasia occurs in which of the following viral infections?

A. Cytomegalovirus
B. Parvovirus B19
C. HIV
D. Epstein-Barr virus

A

B. Parvovirus B19

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15
Q

Gaisbock syndrome is mostly associated with which of the following?

A. Relative polycythemia
B. Absolute polycythemia
C. Polycythemia vera
D. Pure red cell aplasia

A

A. Relative polycythemia

Relative = hemoconcentration due to decreased
plasma volume

Absolute = increase in total red cell mass

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16
Q

Which of the following laboratory tests assesses the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways?

A. PT
B. PTT
C. Platelet count
D. Test of platelet function

A

A. PT

PT: Play Tennis OUTSIDE = Extrinsic
PTT: Play Table Tennis INSIDE = Intrinsic
Platelet count: Normal range — 150 to 350k

17
Q

Which of the following plays an important role in platelet adhesion to the ECM?

A. Tissue factor
B. von Willebrand factor
C. Christmas factor
D. Stuart-Power factor

A

B. von Willebrand factor

18
Q

Which of the following us associated with protein-wasting effects of excessive corticosteroid production that causes loss of perivascular ECM?

A. Scurvy
B. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
C. Cushing syndrome
D. Henoch-Schonlein purpura

A

C. Cushing syndrome = PROTEIN-WASTING

Scurvy & Ehlers-Danlos syndrome = collagen defect

Henoch-Schonlein purpura = deposition of immune complexes w/in vessels (purpura, abdominal pain, polyarthralgia, and acute glomerulonephritis)

Telangiectasia = TGF-B mutation (bleeding can occur anywhere - epistaxis most common)

19
Q

Which of the following is generally considered to be thrombocytopenia?

A. <350,000 platelets/uL
B. <150,000 platelets/uL
C. <50,000 platelets/uL
D. <20,000 platelets/uL

A

B. <150,000 platelets/uL

20,000 - 50,000 = posttraumatic bleeding
<20,000 = spontaneous (nontraumatic) bleeding

20
Q

All of the following are major causes of thrombocytopenia EXCEPT

A. Decreased platelet production
B. Decreased platelet survival
C. Sequestration
D. Dilution
E. None of the above
A

E. None of the above

21
Q

All of the following causes decreased production of platelets EXCEPT

A. Alcohol
B. HIV
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. ITP

A

D. ITP

22
Q

All of the following are TRUE about chronic ITP EXCEPT

A. Caused by autoantibody-mediated destruction of platelets
B. Occurs on individuals with SLE, HIV, and B-cell neoplasms
C. Affects mostly adult men younger than 40
D. Modestly increased number of megakaryocytes in bone marrow

A

C. Affects mostly adult men younger than 40 –> women

Female-to-male ratio is 3:1

Acute ITP = childhood; self-limited (6 months)

23
Q

Which of the following HIT occurs rapidly after the onset of therapy?

A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV

A

A. Type I

Type II = less common but life threatening (5 to 13 days after therapy)

24
Q

TTP was defined as the pentad of all of the following EXCEPT

A. Fever
B. Neutropenia
C. Microangiopathic anemia
D. Transient neurologic deficits
E. Renal failure
A

B. Neutropenia –> Thrombocytopenia

HUS = absence of neurologic symptoms

25
Q

Typical HUS is strongly associated with _________

A. H. influenzae
B. S. pneumoniae
C. S. agalactiae
D. E. coli

A

D. E. coli “Shiga like toxin”

Atypical HUS = defects in complement factor H (CD46) or factor I

26
Q

Which of the following is an inherited deficiency of platelet membrane glycoprotein complex Ib-IX?

A. Bernard-Soulier syndrome
B. Glanzmann thromasthenia
C. ADAMTS13 deficiency syndrome
D. Systemic lupus erythematosus

A

A. Bernard-Soulier syndrome = Ib-IX = adhesion

Glanzmann = IIb-IIIa = aGGreGration

27
Q

All of the following are TRUE about factor VIII EXCEPT

A. cofactor of factor IX
B. made by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes
C. stabilized by vWF
D. increased half-life to ~12 hours when stabilized

A

B. made by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes –> endothelial cells only

28
Q

This is the most common inherited bleeding disorder of humans

A. Von Willebrand disease
B. Hemophilia A
C. Hemophilia B
D. Thalassemia

A

A. Von Willebrand disease

29
Q

All of the following are TRUE about Von Willebrand disease EXCEPT

A. Type 1 and type 3 are associated with quantitative defects in vWF
B. Type 1 is the most severe form
C. Type 3 is caused by deletions or frameshift mutations
D. Type 2 is the most common form

A

B. Type 1 is the most severe form –> type 3

30
Q

All of the following are TRUE about hemophilia A EXCEPT:

A. X-linked recessive trait
B. Affects only males
C. Caused by mutations in factor VIII
D. Patients have a prolonged PTT and normal PT

A

B. Affects only males

31
Q

Widespread deposition of fibrin mostly lead to which of the following?

A. Ischemia
B. Hemorrhagic diathesis
C. Fibrinolysis
D. Anoxia

A

A. Ischemia

32
Q

Which of the following complications of transfusion most likely occur in patients with IgA deficiency?

A. Allergic reactions
B. Hemolytic reactions
C. Transfusion-related acute lung injury
D. Infectious complications

A

A. Allergic reactions

Hemolytic reactions = preformed IgM antibodies

Transfusion-related acute lung injury = activation of neutrophils in lung microvasculature

Infectious complications = bacterial and viral

Pathology (15 decks)

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