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Pathology > Chapter 25 - The Skin > Flashcards

Chapter 25 - The Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the most common pigmented lesions of childhood in lightly pigmented individuals

A. Ephelis
B. Lentigo
C. Melanocytic nevus
D. Dysplastic nevus

A

A. Ephelis / Freckles

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2
Q

This refers to circumscribed, flat lesions which is 5mm in diameter or less

A. Macule
B. Patch
C. Papule
D. Nodule

A

A. Macule

Patch: >5mm

Papule: elevated, <5mm
Nodule: elevated, >5mm

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3
Q

This refers to a dry, horny plate-like excrescence, usually the result of imperfect cornification

A. Excoriation
B. Lichenification
C. Scale
D. Wheal

A

C. Scale

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4
Q

This refers to keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum corneum.

A. Orthokeratosis
B. Hyperkeratosis
C. Acanthosis
D. Parakeratosis

A

D. Parakeratosis

Ortho: anucleated

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5
Q

This refers to discontinuity of the skin showing complete loss of epidermis

A. Dyskeratosis
B. Erosion
C. Ulceration
D. Vacuolization

A

C. Ulceration

Erosion: incomplete loss

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6
Q

Which of the following refers to a common benign localized hyperplasia of melanocytes?

A. Freckle
B. Lentigo
C. Melanocytic nevus
D. Dysplastic nevus

A

B. Lentigo

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7
Q

Which of the following can be direct precursors of melanoma?

A. Melanocytic nevi
B. Dysplastic nevi
C. Blue nevi
D. Spitz nevi

A

B. Dysplastic nevi

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8
Q

Dysplastic nevi often have inherited loss-of-function mutations in what gene?

A. FGFR
B. CDKN2A
C. TP53
D. BRAF

A

B. CDKN2A

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9
Q

Which of the following is the most commonly mutated gene yet identified in melanoma?

A. CDKN2A
B. RAS
C. PI3K/AKT
D. TERT

A

D. TERT

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10
Q

All of the following are important warning signs of melanoma EXCEPT:

A. Asymmetry
B. Irregular borders
C. Uniform color
D. Increasing diameter
E. Evolution or change over time, if rapid
F. None of the options
A

C. Uniform color

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11
Q

Horn cysts are mostly associated with which of the following?

A. Melanoma
B. Seborrheic keratosis
C. Seborrheic dermatosis
D. Acrochordon
E. Fibroepithelial polyp
A

B. Seborrheic keratosis

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12
Q

This condition is marked by thickened, hyperpigmented skin with a velvet-like texture.

A. Skin tag
B. Squamous papilloma
C. Acanthosis nigricans
D. Seborrheic keratosis

A

C. Acanthosis nigricans

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13
Q

This condition usually occurs as multiple, small, tan papules in the vicinity of the lower eyelids.

A. Eccrine poroma
B. Cylindroma
C. Syringoma
D. Sebaceous adenoma

A

C. Syringoma

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14
Q

Cutaneous horn is produced by which of the following conditions?

A. Apocrine carcinoma
B. Pilomatrixoma
C. Actinic keratosis
D. Squamous cell carcinoma

A

C. Actinic keratosis

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15
Q

Which of the following is the most important cause of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma?

A. TP53 mutations
B. DNA damage by exposure to UV light
C. Infection by HPV types 5 and 8
D. Parakeratosis

A

B. DNA damage by exposure to UV light

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16
Q

Which of the following is the most common invasive cancer in humans?

A. Melanoma
B. Squamous cell carcinoma
C. Basal cell carcinoma
D. Adenocarcinoma

A

C. Basal cell carcinoma

17
Q

All of the following are TRUE about basal cell carcinoma EXCEPT:

A. Due to mutations in Hedgehog signaling pathway
B. Lesions are often nodular and ulcerated
C. Usually present as pearly papules
D. Contain telangiectasias
E. None of the above

A

E. None of the above

18
Q

All of the following are TRUE about dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans EXCEPT:

A. Most common form is dermatofibroma
B. The molecular hallmark involved COL1A1 and PDGFB
C. Appears as protuberant nodule on the trunk
D. Storiform pattern
E. None of the options

A

A. Most common form is dermatofibroma

19
Q

All of the following are TRUE about mycosis fungoides EXCEPT:

A. Also called as CTCL
B. A lymphoma of skin-homing CD8+ T helper cells
C. Hallmark is presence of atypical cells
D. Presence of Pautrier microabscesses
E. None of the options

A

B. A lymphoma of skin-homing CD8+ T helper cells

20
Q

All of the following are TRUE about mastocytosis EXCEPT:

A. Due to increased number of mast cells
B. More than 50% of the cases is called urticaria pigmentosa
C. Presence of Darier sign (localized area of dermal edema and erythema)
D. Due to mutations in the KIT gene
E. None of the options

A

E. None of the options

21
Q

Swiss cheese appearance is unique to which of the following conditions?

A. CTCL
B. Mastocystosis
C. Benign fibrous histiocytoma
D. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

A

D. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

22
Q

Which of the following is commonly referred to as turban tumor?

A. Eccrine poroma
B. Cylindroma
C. Syringoma
D. Sebaceous adenoma
E. Adnexal tumor
A

B. Cylindroma

23
Q

All of the following are pathologic variables associated with melanoma EXCEPT:

A. tumor depth of invasion
B. number of mitoses
C. ulceration
D. location
E. None of the options
A

E. None of the options

Pathology (15 decks)

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