Chapter 26 - Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors Flashcards
(32 cards)
Osteoid consists of what type of collagen?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
A. Type I
Which of the following is used as a specific marker of osteoblast activity?
A. Osteoid
B. Osteocalcin
C. Calcitonin
D. Hydroxyapatite
B. Osteocalcin / Osteopontin
These cells regulate mineralization/
A. Osteoblasts
B. Osteocytes
C. Osteoclasts
D. All of the above
A. Osteoblasts
Cranium is formed by which process?
A. Endochondral ossification
B. Intramembranous ossification
C. Mesenchymal ossification
D. Chondrocyte ossification
B. Intramembranous ossification
Embryogenesis = endochondral (axial & appendicular)
This forms a primary center of ossification resulting in radial bone growth.
A. Diaphysis
B. Epiphysis
C. Metaphysis
D. All of the above
A. Diaphysis
Secondary = epiphysis
This refers to localized disruption of the migration and condensation of mesenchyme
A. Dysostosis
B. Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
C. Epistosis
A. Dysostosis
Dysplasia = global disorganization of bone/cartilage
Which of the following conditions is associated with defects in nuclear proteins and TFs?
A. Brachydactyly
B. Achondroplasia
C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
D. Thanatophoric dysplasia
A. Brachydactyly
Which of the following conditions is the most common skeletal dysplasia and a major cause of dwarfism?
A. Hypochondroplasia
B. Achondroplasia
C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
D. Thanatophoric dysplasia
B. Achondroplasia
Thanatophoric dysplasia = most common lethal form of dwarfism
Which of the following is the most common inherited disorder of connective tissue and is also called as brittle bone disease?
A. Osteopetrosis
B. Achondrogenesis
C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
D. Osteoporosis
C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
Which of the following conditions is Albers-Schonberg disease mostly associated?
A. Achondrogenesis
B. Osteogenesis
C. Osteopetrosis
D. Osteoporosis
C. Osteopetrosis = deficient osteoclast development
What gene is responsible for achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia?
A. HOXD13
B. FGFR3
C. CA2
D. LRP5
B. FGFR3
HOXD13 = brachydactyly CA2 = osteopetrosis SOX9 = osteoporosis-pseudoglioma
It refers to decreased bone mass which increases the risk of fracture
A. Osteopenia
B. Osteopetrosis
C. Osteoporosis
D. Osteogenesis
C. Osteoporosis
All of the following are secondary causes of osteoporosis EXCEPT:
A. Type 1 DM
B. Anemia
C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
D. Postmenopausal
D. Postmenopausal
Primary:
>Idiopathic
>Postmenopausal
>Senile
This refers to impaired mineralization of bone matrix in adults.
A. Osteomalacia
B. Rickets
C. Osteoporosis
D. Hyperparathyroidism
A. Osteomalacia
All of the following are hallmark of severe hyperparathyroidism EXCEPT:
A. Increased bone cell activity
B. Peritrabecular fibrosis
C. Cystic brown tumors
D. None of the options
D. None of the options
severe hyperparathyroidism = osteitis fibrosa cystica / Von Recklinghausen
All of the following are manifestations of renal osteodystrophy EXCEPT:
A. Osteopenia B. Osteoporosis C. Osteomalacia D. Secondary hyperparathyroidism E. None of the options
E. None of the options
This disease is marked by increased, but disordered and structurally unsound, bone mass.
A. Renal osteodystrophy B. Osteitis fibrosa cystica C. Osteitis deformans D. Osteonecrosis E. Osteomyelitis
C. Osteitis deformans / Paget’s disease
Which of the following is the hallmark of Paget disease?
A. Jigsaw puzzle like appearance of woven bone
B. Cement lines of trabecular bone
C. Mosaic pattern of lamellar bone
D. None of the options
C. Mosaic pattern of lamellar bone
Which of the following types of fracture describes a bone which are not aligned?
A. Simple B. Compound C. Comminuted D. Displaced E. Stress
D. Displaced
Which of the following helps stabilize the fracture site?
A. Soft tissue callus
B. Procallus
C. Bony callus
D. All of the above
C. Bony callus
Soft / procallus = anchorage
All of the following are TRUE about osteonecrosis EXCEPT:
A. Also called as avascular necrosis B. Fractures and use of corticosteroid are the most common causes C. Involve infarction of bone and marrow D. Surrounded by necrotic adipocytes E. None of the options
E. None of the options
All of the following are TRUE about osteomyelitis EXCEPT:
A. Always secondary to infection
B. Can be pyogenic or mycobacterial
C. Fungi and parasites can produce osteomyelitis
D. Involves inflammation of bone and marrow
E. None of the options
E. None of the options
Which of the following is responsible for 80 to 90% of culture-positive pyogenic osteomyelitis?
A. S. aureus B. P. aeruginosa C. H. influenzae D. Salmonella E. All of the above
A. S. aureus
Which of the following is responsible for genitourinary tract infections or IV drug users?
A. S. aureus B. P. aeruginosa C. H. influenzae D. Salmonella E. All of the above
B. P. aeruginosa