Chapter 11 - Blood Vessels

Question 1

This is composed of single layer of ECs attached to a basement membrane

A. Intima
B. Media
C. Adventitia
D. Intima and media

Answer 1

A. Intima

Media - SCMs
Adventitia - LCT and nerve fibers

Question 2

They are the principal points of physiologic resistance to blood flow

A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Veins
D. Venules
E. Capillaries

Answer 2

B. Arterioles

Question 3

All of the following are TRUE about blood vessels EXCEPT:

A. Capillaries have EC lining but no media
B. Arteries have larger diameter and lumen compared to veins
C. Veins contain 2/3 of the total blood volume
D. Aorta is an example of large/elastic artery

Answer 3

B. Arteries have larger diameter and lumen compared to veins

Question 4

This is a stereotyped response to vascular injury

A. Endothelial dysfunction
B. Intimal thickening
C. Complete obstruction
D. Stenosis

Answer 4

B. Intimal thickening

Question 5

All of the following are TRUE about the mechanism of increasing BP by angiotensin II EXCEPT:

A. Vascular contraction
B. Stimulating aldosterone secretion
C. Increasing tubular sodium filtration
D. Increasing blood volume

Answer 5

C. Increasing tubular sodium filtration

Question 6

Intimal lesions called atheromas are commonly found in which of the following?

A. Arteriosclerosis
B. Monckeberg medial sclerosis
C. Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia
D. Atherosclerosis

Answer 6

D. Atherosclerosis

Question 7

Which of the following is the most important independent risk factor for atherosclerosis?

A. Age
B. Family history
C. Male gender
D. Hypertension
E. Inflammation

Answer 7

B. Family history

Question 8

Three most important causes of endothelial dysfunction include hemodynamic disturbances, inflammation, and ___________

A. Diabetes
B. Hypertension
C. Hypercholesterolemia
D. Homocystinuria

Answer 8

C. Hypercholesterolemia

Question 9

All of the following are TRUE about atherosclerotic plaque EXCEPT:

A. Yellow-tan in color
B. Raised above the surrounding vessel wall
C. Patchy
D. Concentric

Answer 9

D. Concentric

Question 10

Which of the following is most extensively involved vessels in atherosclerosis?

A. Lower abdominal aorta and iliac arteries
B. Coronary arteries
C. Popliteal arteries
D. Internal carotid arteries
E. Vessels of circle of Willis

Answer 10

A. Lower abdominal aorta and iliac arteries

Question 11

All of the following are components of atherosclerotic plaques EXCEPT:

A. SMCs, macrophages, T lymphocytes
B. ECM (collagen, elastin, proteoglycans)
C. intracellular and extracellular lipids
D. calcifications in early stage plaques

Answer 11

D. calcifications in early stage plaques

Question 12

All of the following are consequences of atherosclerotic disease EXCEPT:

A. Heart attack
B. Stroke
C. Gangrene of arms
D. Aortic aneurysms

Answer 12

C. Gangrene of arms

Question 13

This is a central factor in acute coronary syndromes

A. Embolism
B. Thrombosis
C. Atherosclerosis
D. Critical stenosis

Answer 13

B. Thrombosis

Question 14

All of the following are TRUE about stable plaques EXCEPT:

A. Also called as vulnerable plaque
B. Have a dense fibrous cap
C. Have little inflammation
D. Have minimal lipid accumulation

Answer 14

A. Also called as vulnerable plaque

Question 15

All of the following are TRUE about aneurysms EXCEPT:

A. An aneurysm is a localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel or the heart
B. True aneurysm involves all the layers of an intact arterial wall
C. Pseudoaneurysm is a defect in a vascular wall leading to an extravascular hematoma
D. Example of a true aneurysm includes ventricular rupture after MI

Answer 15

D. Example of a true aneurysm includes ventricular rupture after MI

TRUE = Atherosclerotic, congenital, ventricular, transmural MI

FALSE = pericardial adhesion, leak at sutured junction of vascular graft

Question 16

Weak vessels due to defective type III collagen synthesis are a hallmark of which of the following?

A. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Loeys-Dietz syndrome
D. SMAD3 syndrome

Answer 16

A. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Marfan syndrome = defect in fibrillin
Loeys-Dietz syndrome = increased TGF-B activity (mutation)

Question 17

The two most important causes of aortic aneurysms are which of the following?

A. Atherosclerosis and hypertension
B. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia
C. Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia
D. Hypertension and Hematoma

Answer 17

A. Atherosclerosis and hypertension

Question 18

All of the following are TRUE about abdominal aortic aneurysm EXCEPT:

A. Most commonly involved are abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries
B. More frequently in men
C. Hypertension is a major cause
D. Most cases are asymptomatic

Answer 18

C. Hypertension is a major cause

Question 19

All of the following are TRUE about aortic dissection EXCEPT:

A. Occurs when blood separates the laminar planes of the media to form a blood filled channel within the aortic wall
B. Generally associated with aortic dilation
C. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor
D. Occurs principally in two groups of patients: (1) men aged 40 to 60 yrs and (2) younger patients with syndromic diseases affecting the aorta

Answer 19

C. Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor

Question 20

All of the following are TRUE about clinical features of aortic dissections EXCEPT:

A. DeBakey types I and II belong to Type A dissection
B. Type A dissection are more common distal lesions
C. Type A involves ascending or descending aorta
D. Type B dissection is also called as DeBakey type III

Answer 20

B. Type A dissection are more common distal lesions