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Pathology > Chapter 18 - Liver and Gallbladder > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Liver and Gallbladder Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatocyte oxygenation is highest in what liver region?

A. Zone 1
B. Zone 2
C. Zone 3
D. Zone 4

A

A. Zone 1

Zone 3 = lowest

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2
Q

AST, ALT, and LDH are enzymes used to measure what?

A. Hepatocyte integrity
B. Biliary excretion function
C. Hepatocyte synthetic function
D. All of the options

A

A. Hepatocyte integrity

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3
Q

Which of the following cell types is involved in scar deposition in the liver?

A. Hepatic stellate cells
B. Kupffer cells
C. Disse cells
D. Pan-acinar cells

A

A. Hepatic stellate cells

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4
Q

Which of the following is the most severe form of liver disease?

A. Liver failure
B. Liver cirrhosis
C. Steatohepatitis
D. Viral hepatitis

A

A. Liver failure

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5
Q

How much functional capacity must be lost before hepatic failure occurs?

A. 20 to 30%
B. 40 to 50%
C. 60 to 70%
D. 80 to 90%

A

D. 80 to 90%

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6
Q

Which of the following manifestations of acute liver failure occurs as disturbances of conscious ness, ranging from behavioral abnormalities to marked confusion to coma and death?

A. Cholestasis
B. Hepatic encephalopathy
C. Asterixis
D. Coagulopathy
E. Hepatorenal syndrome
A

B. Hepatic encephalopathy

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7
Q

All of the following are leading causes of chronic liver failure worldwide EXCEPT:

A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. Alcoholic liver disease

A

A. Hepatitis A

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8
Q

Cirrhosis of any cause belongs to which of the following?

A. Prehepatic
B. Intrahepatic
C. Post-hepatic
D. All of the options

A

B. Intrahepatic

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9
Q

All of the following are TRUE about Ascites as major consequence of portal hypertension EXCEPT:

A. Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
B. 85% of cases is caused by cirrhosis
C. Less than 3g/dL of albumin
D. Clinically detectable when at least 500mL have accumulated
E. None of the options

A

E. None of the options

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10
Q

All of the following are portosystemic shunts EXCEPT:

A. Veins around rectum
B. Esophagogastric junction
C. Retroperitoneum
D. Falciform ligament 
E. Colorectal junction
A

E. Colorectal junction

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11
Q

All of the following are TRUE about Hepatitis A EXCEPT:

A. Incubation period is 2 to 6 weeks
B. Spread by ingestion of contaminated water and foods
C. Diagnosis is based on serum IgM antibodies
D. Progresses to chronic liver disease
E. None of the options

A

D. Progresses to chronic liver disease

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12
Q

All of the following are TRUE about Hepatitis B EXCEPT:

A. Incubation period is 4 to 26 weeks
B. May be acquired through unprotected sexual contact
C. Diagnosis is based on HBsAg antibodies
D. The only partially dsDNA among all viral hepatitis
E. None of the options

A

E. None of the options

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13
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis?

A. Hepa A
B. Hepa B
C. Hepa C
D. Hepa D
E. Hepa E
A

C. Hepa C

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14
Q

Which of the following is dependent for its life cycle on HBV?

A. Hepa A
B. Hepa B
C. Hepa C
D. Hepa D
E. Hepa E
A

D. Hepa D

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15
Q

Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of recent HDV exposure?

A. IgM anti-HDV antibody
B. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies
C. Serum IgM antibodies
D. HBcAg antibodies

A

A. IgM anti-HDV antibody

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16
Q

Chronic hepatitis is defined as symptomatic hepatic disease for more than how many months?

A. 3 months
B. 4 months
C. 5 months
D. 6 months
E. 12 months
A

D. 6 months

17
Q

Which of the following is the defining histologic feature of chronic viral hepatitis?

A. Lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with fibrosis
B. Neutrophilic infiltration
C. Portal neutrophilic inflammation
D. Lymphoid aggregates in portal tracts

A

A. Lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with fibrosis

18
Q

Which of the following leads to a ground-glass appearance?

A. Hepa A
B. Hepa B
C. Hepa C
D. Hepa D
E. Hepa E
A

B. Hepa B

19
Q

Which of the following is used to confirm diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and assess grade and stage of the disease?

A. CBC
B. Radiography
C. Biopsy
D. Endoscopy

A

C. Biopsy

20
Q

Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is based on the following EXCEPT:

A. Autoantibodies (ANA or ASMA or LKM)
B. Elevation of serum IgG
C. Exclusion viral/drug etiologies
D. Supportive histology based on biopsy
E. None of the options
A

E. None of the options

21
Q

Which of the following is the treatment of choice in autoimmune hepatitis?

A. Azathioprine
B. Mercaptopurine
C. Methotrexate
D. Prednisone

A

D. Prednisone

22
Q

Which of the following is a typical feature of drug-induced liver injury?

A. Periportal hepatocytes
B. Pericentral hepatocytes
C. Perivenular hepatocytes
D. Periarteriolar hepatocytes

A

C. Perivenular hepatocytes

23
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of acute liver failure?

A. Alcohol
B. Acetaminophen
C. Nicotine
D. Cocaine

A

B. Acetaminophen

24
Q

Which of the following is an early, predictable effect of alcohol consumption?

A. Hepatic steatosis
B. Microvesicular steatosis
C. Macrovesicular steatosis
D. Alcoholic hepatitis

A

A. Hepatic steatosis

25
Q

In chronic liver diseases, which of the following is TRUE?

A. AST > ALT
B. ALT > AST
C. AST = ALT
D. None of the options

A

B. ALT > AST

26
Q

NAFLD is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Obesity
B. Type 2 DM
C. Hyperlipidemia
D. Hypotension

A

D. Hypotension

27
Q

All of the following are required of NASH diagnosis EXCEPT:

A. Steatosis
B. Lobular inflammation
C. Ballooned hepatocytes
D. None of the options

A

D. None of the options

28
Q

The most common metabolic liver disorder is which of the following?

A. NAFLD
B. NASH
C. Isolated fatty liver
D. Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

A. NAFLD

29
Q

All of the following are characterized in severe hemochromatosis EXCEPT:

A. Deposition of hemosiderin
B. Cirrhosis
C. Pancreatic fibrosis
D. Steatohepatitis

A

D. Steatohepatitis

30
Q

Adult form of hereditary hemochromatosis is usually caused by mutations in what gene?

A. HFE
B. HJV
C. HBE
D. HFG

A

A. HFE

31
Q

All of the following are principal manifestations of hemochromatosis EXCEPT:

A. Hepatomegaly
B. Abdominal pain
C. Abnormal skin pigmentation
D. Cardiac dysfunction
E. None of the options
A

E. None of the options

32
Q

Wilson Disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in ATP7B gene, resulting in impaired excretion of which of the following?

A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Copper
D. Cobalt
D. Chloride
A

C. Copper

33
Q

A1-antitrypsin deficiency leads to the development of which of the following?

A. Liver cirrhosis
B. Pulmonary emphysema
C. NAFLD
D. Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

B. Pulmonary emphysema

34
Q

The most clinically significant mutation in A1-antitrypsin deficiency is which of the following?

A. PiZ
B. HOX
C. SMAD4
D. SKT11

A

A. PiZ

35
Q

Which of the following enzymes converts heme to biliverdin?

A. Biliverdin reductase
B. Biliverdin oxygenase
C. Heme oxygenase
D. Heme reductase

A

C. Heme oxygenase

Pathology (15 decks)

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