Chapter 4

Question 1

societies as systems assumes that

Answer 1

societies are not an unrelated, random, collection of people. Everything “fits together”

Question 2

systems (1)

Answer 2

set of parts

Question 3

Systems (2)

Answer 3

interdependent

Question 4

Systems (3)

Answer 4

maintain equilibrium (balance)

Question 5

interdependence

Answer 5

movement of one part affects the others

Question 6

What do systems do to achieve equilibrium

Answer 6

dynamic adjusting

Question 7

open systems

Answer 7

open to external influences

Question 8

institutions

Answer 8

a set of parts

Question 9

Institutions have

Answer 9

a relatively permanent pattern of specialized roles, groups, or organizations

Question 10

Institutions meet

Answer 10

a fundamental social need

Question 11

How many basic institutions

Answer 11

5

Question 12

what are the 5 basic institutions

Answer 12

family, economy, religion, political order, education

Question 13

family

Answer 13

set of patterned roads

Question 14

economy

Answer 14

meets need or survival

Question 15

functionalism

Answer 15

concerned with how a social structure functions in society

Question 16

Functionalism asks

Answer 16

“how do cultural aspects (social structure) serve the system”

Question 17

what purpose do social structures serve (1)

Answer 17

effective parts preserve order and combat potential disruption

Question 18

what purpose do social structures serve (2)

Answer 18

some social structures disrupt society’s equilibrium and are dysfunctional

Question 19

1st component of functional theories

Answer 19

the identified part to be explained

Question 20

2nd component of functional theories

Answer 20

how that part preserves/protects some other part from disruption/overload

Question 21

3rd component of functional theories

Answer 21

theory must identify the source of the disruption/overload

Question 22

manifest functions (1)

Answer 22

open, stated, conscious functions

Question 23

Manifest functions (2)

Answer 23

intended, recognized consequences

Question 24

latent (hidden) functions

Answer 24

unconscious or unintended functions

Question 25

latent (hidden) functions (2)

Answer 25

may reflect hidden purposes of an institution

Question 26

why do social structures exist

Answer 26

because of their survival benefits

Question 27

what does social evolution ask

Answer 27

“how do social aspects improve societies chance for survival

Question 28

what do societies adapt to

Answer 28

physical and social environment

Question 29

what will societies do to survive

Answer 29

change direction

Question 30

societies have developed overtime to become

Answer 30

Larger, more complex, more effective culture, more urban

Question 31

Is all societal change for the better

Answer 31

no

Question 32

Involution

Answer 32

retrograde change (societies response decreases its ability to survive)

Question 33

what does conflict theory focus on

Answer 33

conflicts related to inequality

Question 34

what does conflict theory examine

Answer 34

role of power and privilege

Question 35

conflict theory asks

Answer 35

“who benefits from this state of affairs”

Question 36

what does conflict among groups do

Answer 36

create/maintain cultural patterns

Question 37

who connected social life to class interests

Answer 37

carl marx

Question 38

what does ruling class use their power for

Answer 38

to structure society and serve their own interests

Question 39

who has conflict

Answer 39

workers and owners

Question 40

workers are exploited by

Answer 40

owners/rulers