Chapter 19

Question 1

characteristics of pre-industrial cities

Answer 1

small and densely populated, poor transportation networks limit food supply distance, centers for disease and pollution, limited crime control, the attraction of cities, economic opportunities

Question 2

what makes a city possible

Answer 2

agricultural technology, division of labor, and transportation

Question 3

urban

Answer 3

population of more than 2500 people (less than this is rural)

Question 4

city

Answer 4

population af at lease 50000

Question 5

suburb

Answer 5

small community adjacent to cities

Question 6

metropolis

Answer 6

“mother-city” a city and its sphere of influence

Question 7

Metropolitan area

Answer 7

a city and its surrounding suburbs

Question 8

fixed rail metropolis

Answer 8

centralized urban development

Question 9

how do fixed rail metropolis’ expand

Answer 9

using rail lines- “spider web” like sprawl

Question 10

what is the focal point of a fixed rail metropolis

Answer 10

city center

Question 11

what are older industrial cities

Answer 11

fixed rail metropolis

Question 12

freeway metropolis

Answer 12

decentralized urban development

Question 13

what is the expansion of freeway metropolis’ like

Answer 13

moe even, determined by geography

Question 14

what are the focal points of freeway metropolis

Answer 14

suburbs

Question 15

what are newer cities (western)

Answer 15

freeway metropolis

Question 16

what do people prefer

Answer 16

decentralized metropolis

Question 17

law of constant travel time

Answer 17

throughout history, people will generally commute no longer than 30 mins one way

Question 18

who showed the shift in quality of life

Answer 18

Tönnies

Question 19

gemeinschaft

Answer 19

“community”

Question 20

gemeinschaft population

Answer 20

small town, rural type lifestyle

Question 21

Gemeinschaft family

Answer 21

close knit, family feeling, sense of community

Question 22

Gemeinschaft qualities lost from

Answer 22

urbanization

Question 23

gesellschaft

Answer 23

society or association

Question 24

gesellschaft population

Answer 24

lack of cohesion, high fragmentation

Question 25

Gesellschaft interests

Answer 25

self interest is dominant

Question 26

gesellschaft relations

Answer 26

relate to people by role, not as a person

Question 27

what kind of society is gesellschaft

Answer 27

urban society

Question 28

does living in a city cause mental illness

Answer 28

no, but more mentally ill people may drift there

Question 29

anomie

Answer 29

a state in which norms lack definition and force. that is, in which people aren’t sure what the norms are and don’t greatly care

Question 30

where are most people able to keep connections

Answer 30

urban settings

Question 31

crowding (macro)

Answer 31

no evidence that density or crowding impacts behavior on community level

Question 32

crowding (micro)

Answer 32

more people per ROOM, people complained of less private and more imposition

Question 33

How do people respond to crowding (micro)

Answer 33

withdrawing physically and emotionally

Question 34

people in crowded homes

Answer 34

had poorer mental health, childcare and social relations (more fights, less satisfying marriages)