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Microbiology > Chapter 4-5 > Flashcards

Chapter 4-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What characteristics are shared by all cells?

A

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, chromosomes

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2
Q

What are some characteristics that are inherent to life?

A

Growth and development, heredity, metabolism

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3
Q

Prokaryotic cells evolved on Earth about how many years ago?

A

3.5 billion years

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4
Q

Bacterial appendages can be divided into which two functional groups?

A

Provide attachment sites or channels, provide motility

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5
Q

Which of the following is considered to be the basic unit of life?

A

Cell

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6
Q

The filament of a flagellum is composed of a protein called ______.

A

Flagellin

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7
Q

Viruses are not considered living things because they only show signs of life when they are inside a host ______.

A

Cell or organism

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8
Q

Which term describes a random arrangement of flagella distributed all over the bacterial cell?

A

Peritrichous

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9
Q

The two major types of prokaryotic cells are ______ and ______.

A

Bacteria; archaea

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10
Q

Bacterial motility may be detected on a hanging ______ slide.

A

Drop

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11
Q

Bacterial appendages that provide attachment sites or channels are called ______ and ______.

A

Fimbriae; pili

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12
Q

Which of the following is the movement towards or away from a chemical stimulus?

A

Chemotaxis

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13
Q

What are the three distinct parts of a flagellum?

A

Hook, filament, basal body

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14
Q

A bacterial cell “swims” in a smooth, linear direction toward a chemical stimulus via the counterclockwise rotation of the ______.

A

Flagellum

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15
Q

What term describes any arrangement of flagella where they are either attached at one or both ends of a bacterium?

A

Polar

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16
Q

The detection of bacterial motility may be accomplished by identifying rapidly spreading bacterial ______ in a soft, semisolid medium.

A

Growth or expansion

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17
Q

The movement of an organism away from a chemical repellent is called ______ chemotaxis.

A

Negative

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18
Q

While counterclockwise rotation of a bacterial flagellum causes a(n) ______, the reversal of this rotation causes a(n) ______.

A

Run; tumble

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19
Q

Counterclockwise rotation of the flagellum causes a bacterial cell to swim toward a stimulus in an action called a(n) ______.

A

Run

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20
Q

Which of the following describes a single, polar flagellum?

A

Monotrichous

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20
Q

Which of the following bacteria could exhibit phototaxis?

A

Photosynthetic bacteria

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21
Q

Which of the following bacteria use their flagella to invade mucus membranes and cause infections?

A

Vibrio cholerae and Helicobacter pylori

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22
Q

What is the name for corkscrew-shaped bacteria?

A

Spirochetes

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23
Q

Bacterial flagella can move in ______ directions.

A

2

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24
Q

Twisting or flexing of spirochete bacteria is attributed to which of the following?

A

Axial filaments

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25
Q

Which of the following describes the movement towards or away from light?

A

Phototaxis

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26
Q

Bacterial pili are composed of the protein ______.

A

Pilin

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27
Q

Which of the following uses flagella to bore through the stomach lining and causes gastric ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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27
Q

Elongated, rigid tubes on gram-negative bacteria that are involved in the transfer of DNA from one cell to another are called which of the following?

A

Sex fimbriae

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28
Q

Type IV pili can carry out a type of twitching movement in bacteria of which of the following genera?

A

Pseudomonas

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29
Q

Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria characterized by periplasmic flagella that display a worm-like mode of locomotion are ______.

A

Spirochetes

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30
Q

Which are the two main functions of the glycocalyx?

A

Protection and adherence

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31
Q

Pili are typically used for which of the following?

A

Conjugation

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32
Q

A periplasmic flagellum found in some spirochete bacteria is a(n) ______ filament.

A

Axial

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33
Q

The transfer of DNA between bacterial cells via pili is called ______.

A

Conjugation

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34
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae binds to the epithelial cells of the reproductive tract by means of which of the following?

A

Type IV pili

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35
Q

When individual species alter the expression of their genes to cooperate with other cells in a biofilm, it is known as ______ sensing.

A

Quorum

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36
Q

What is the glycocalyx?

A

A coating that enhances adhesion

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37
Q

Twisting or flexing of spirochete bacteria is attributed to which of the following?

A

Axial filaments

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37
Q

The cell envelope is composed of the cell ______ and the cell ______.

A

Wall; membrane

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38
Q

What is found in the external covering of gram-positive cells, but not in gram-negative cells?

A

Single cell membrane

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38
Q

Which of the following helps to determine the shape of a bacterium as well as providing strong structural support for the bacterium?

A

Cell wall

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39
Q

Elongated, rigid tubes on gram-negative bacteria that are involved in the transfer of DNA from one cell to another are called which of the following?

A

Conjugation pili

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39
Q

The cell wall in bacteria is primarily composed of ______.

A

Peptidoglycan

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40
Q

Which term describes the process of a cell breaking open or rupturing?

A

Lysis

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40
Q

Identify the two main components of the cell envelope in most bacteria.

A

Cell wall and cell membrane

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41
Q

The cell envelope of gram-______ bacteria is composed of an outer membrane, cell wall, and a cell membrane.

A

Negative

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41
Q

True or false: Quorum sensing occurs when bacteria in a biofilm alter the genes they express.

A

True

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42
Q

What makes up the homogeneous sheath of the Gram-positive cell wall?

A

Peptidoglycan

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43
Q

Identify the area between the cell wall and cell membrane in gram-positive bacteria.

A

Periplasmic space

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43
Q

Peptidoglycan in the cell ______ provides the structural support necessary to protect bacteria from lysis due to internal pressure.

A

Wall

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44
Q

Peptidoglycan is a component of the cell wall of which of the following organisms?

A

Bacteria

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45
Q

Lipopolysaccharides are a component of the outer membrane of which of the following cell types?

A

Gram-negative cells

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46
Q

When individual species alter the expression of their genes to cooperate with other cells in a biofilm, it is known as ______ sensing.

A

Quorum

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47
Q

Endotoxin is toxic to which of the following cells?

A

Human and other mammalian cells

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48
Q

Which of the following antibiotics affect the integrity of the cell wall of bacteria, thereby making them susceptible to lysis?

A

Cephalosporin and Penicillin

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49
Q

The gram-negative wall is a ______ sheet of peptidoglycan.

A

Thin

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50
Q

Peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid are found in the Gram-______ cell wall.

A

Positive

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50
Q

The outer membrane of a gram-negative cell contains which of the following?

A

Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoprotein

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50
Q

True or false: Some bacteria do not have cell walls.

A

True

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50
Q

Identify the two important diseases caused by mycobacteria.

A

Tuberculosis and Leprosy

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50
Q

A space that is located between the cell wall and cell membrane in gram-positive bacteria that is a site for the temporary storage of enzymes is the ______ space.

A

Periplasmic

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50
Q

Which bacteria have no cell wall, but have a cytoplasmic membrane that is stabilized by sterols?

A

Mycoplasma

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51
Q

Bacteria with atypical cell walls may stain positive or negative in the ______ stain.

A

Gram

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51
Q

The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in gram-negative cell walls is classified as a(n) ______.

A

Endotoxin

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51
Q

True or false: Gram-negative bacteria are generally more difficult to inhibit or kill than gram-positive bacteria.

A

True

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51
Q

The bottom layer of a gram-negative wall is made of:

A

Peptidoglycan

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51
Q

A stain that is useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and leprosy is the ______-______ stain.

A

Acid fast

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52
Q

Gram-negative infections are often treated with different drugs than gram-positive infections because the drugs must cross the ______ membrane of gram-negative cells.

A

Outer

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53
Q

Which of the following acts as a selective barrier between the internal contents and external environment of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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54
Q

Mycoplasmas may have multiple shapes and sizes among cells of the same species, which is known as ______.

A

Pleomorphism

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54
Q

Which is the major component of cytoplasm?

A

Water

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55
Q

What is the difference between a true nucleus and a nucleoid?

A

A true nucleus is surrounded by a membrane whereas a nucleoid is not.

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55
Q

How many chromosomes do most bacteria contain?

A

One

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56
Q

Which of the following are functions of the bacterial cell membrane?

A

Provide a site for nutrient processing and synthesis

Provide a site for energy reactions

A barrier between the internal contents and external environment of the cell

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57
Q

The cell membrane surrounds a complex solution of organic materials and salts that is referred to as ______.

A

Cytoplasm

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58
Q

Which of the following are small, circular pieces of DNA that exist independently within bacterial cytoplasm?

A

Plasmids

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59
Q

The hereditary material of most bacteria exists in the form of a single, ______, double-stranded molecule of DNA.

A

Circle

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60
Q

In prokaryotes, the chromosomal DNA is aggregated in a central area called the ______.

A

Nucleoid

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61
Q

Bacterial microcompartments are in the form of ______ that enclose one or more enzymes.

A

Large protein polyhedrons

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62
Q

Gram-negative infections are often treated with different drugs than gram-positive infections because the drugs must cross the ______ membrane of gram-negative cells.

A

Outer

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63
Q

Which of the following is formed during bacterial sporulation?

A

Endospore

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64
Q

The small, circular pieces of DNA found in many bacterial cells, which can carry genes for antibiotic resistance or toxin production, are called ______.

A

Plasmids

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64
Q

Which of the following acts as a selective barrier between the internal contents and external environment of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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65
Q

Which of the following is the major factor that stimulates endospore formation?

A

Depletion of nutrients

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65
Q

Common bacterial microcompartments composed of a protein shell enclose ______.

A

Functioning enzymes

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66
Q

The heat resistance of bacterial endospores has been linked to high concentrations of which of the following?

A

Calcium dipicolinate

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66
Q

Which is the dormant survival state in endospore-forming bacteria?

A

Endospore

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66
Q

Which of the following are small, circular pieces of DNA that exist independently within bacterial cytoplasm?

A

Plasmids

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66
Q

What is a spherically-shaped bacterial cell termed?

A

Coccus

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67
Q

Which of the following are medically relevant endospore-producing genera?

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

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67
Q

The depletion of nutrients, especially amino acids, is a stimulus for ______ in bacteria.

A

Sporulation

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67
Q

Changes in the gene encoding the 16S ribosomal RNA occur:

A

Very slowly

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67
Q

In endospores, the removal of water, and the subsequent strong dehydration of the endospore, is facilitated by the compound ______ ______.

A

Calcium dipicolinate

67
Q

Depend on sulfur for growth, inhabit hot and acidic sulfur pools and vents

A

Crenarchaeota

68
Q

Extremely small, found in salt mines and caves

A

Nanoarchaeota

69
Q

Include methanogens

A

Euryarchaeota

70
Q

Which is the active, growing state of endospore-forming bacteria?

A

Vegetative

71
Q

True or false: Two genera of pathogenic bacteria that form endospores are Clostridium and Bacillus.

A

True

72
Q

What are the three most common shapes of bacterial cells?

A

Spirillum, Bacillus, Coccus

73
Q

Scientists compare the DNA sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to distinguish between different ______.

A

Bacteria

73
Q

Which term describes bacteria that do not use oxygen in their metabolism?

A

Anaerobic

74
Q

The nutrition of many bacteria is Blank______, meaning that they feed primarily off nutrients from other organisms.

A

Heterotrophic

75
Q

Streptomycetes

A

Phylum Actinomycetota

75
Q

Parasitic rickettsias and Neisseria

A

Phylum Pseudomonadota

76
Q

Bacillus and Clostridium

A

Phylum Bacillota

76
Q

Green sulfur bacteria

A

Phylum Chlorobi

76
Q

The photosynthetic organisms that were responsible for converting the atmosphere from anaerobic to aerobic, were the ______.

A

Cyanobacteria

77
Q

The metabolically active and growing phase of endospore forming bacteria is called the ______ , ______ .

A

Vegetative cell

78
Q

Vesicles in cyanobacteria that keep the cells suspended in the water column to facilitate photosynthesis contain ______.

A

Gas

79
Q

Where do obligate intracellular parasites live?

A

Inside a host cell

80
Q

Aerobic bacteria are termed aerobic because they use ______ in their metabolism.

A

Oxygen

81
Q

Bacteria that use the energy of sunlight to synthesize all of their required nutrients are called which of the following?

A

Photosynthetic

81
Q

The ribosomal subunit structures in archaea are similar to which of the following?

A

Eukaryotic cells

82
Q

Cyanobacteria have made contributions to eukaryotic evolution that include the chloroplasts of ______ and ______.

A

Algae and plants

83
Q

Chlorophyll b and the bluish pigment ______ are the primary photosynthetic pigments of cyanobacteria and are located in the ______.

A

Phycocyanin; thylakoids

84
Q

A parasite that requires a host cell in order to survive is a(n)______ intracellular parasite.

A

Obligate

85
Q

Identify the structure that is absent in bacteria and archaea.

A

Nucleus

86
Q

Which of the following are the extensive internal membranes that function in photosynthesis in cyanobacteria?

A

Thylakoids

87
Q

In eukaryotic cells, membrane-bound compartments that perform specific functions are called ______.

A

Organelles

88
Q

Which of the following structures are found in some, but not all, eukaryotic microbial cells?

A

Locomotor appendages

Cell wall

Chloroplasts

89
Q

Protozoa, algae, and some fungal and animal cells have long, whip-like ______ for motility, while shorter hair-like ______ are found only in protozoa and animal cells.

A

Flagella; cilia

90
Q

Which of the following are functions of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

A

Adherence to environmental surfaces

Communication

Protection against environmental changes

91
Q

The rigid polysaccharide-containing structure that provides support and shape to fungal cells is the cell ______.

A

Wall

92
Q

Organelles are ______ found in ______.

A

Membrane-bound components; eukaryotic cells

93
Q

Which of the following types of cells has a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic cell

94
Q

Cilia could be present on which of the following microbes?

A

Protozoa

94
Q

All eukaryotic microbial cells have which of the following structures?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Nucleus

95
Q

Which of the following is the most external structure of eukaryotic microbial cells?

A

Glycocalyx

96
Q

Fungal cell walls have a thick layer of polysaccharide fibers composed of ______ or ______ and a thin outer layer of mixed polysaccharides.

A

Chitin; cellulose

97
Q

Which organelle is the site of protein modification, protein storage, and protein packaging for final transport?

A

Golgi apparatus

97
Q

Which of the following describes the nucleus?

A

Location for RNA synthesis

97
Q

The two types of endoplasmic reticulum are the ______ endoplasmic reticulum and the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Rough; smooth

98
Q

The key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is the presence or absence of a(n) ______ and other membrane-bound organelles.

A

Nucleus

99
Q

In eukaryotes, the enzymes and electron carriers of aerobic respiration are found on the ______.

A

Cristae membranes of the mitochondrion

100
Q

Which organelle is composed of an interconnected network of membranous hollow sacs functioning in synthesis and transport of cellular substances?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

101
Q

Which eukaryotes have cells containing chloroplasts?

A

Algae

Plants

102
Q

The organelle that receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is part of the secretion system to the cell surface is the ______ ______.

A

Golgi apparatus

102
Q

In eukaryotes, ribosomes are scattered freely in the ______ or bound to the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Cytoplasm; rough

103
Q

All eukaryotic microbial cells have which of the following structures?

A

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum

104
Q

To produce a protein that will enter the cell’s transport system, RNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores and is translated by a(n) ______ on the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Ribosome

105
Q

The organelle that is responsible for the vast majority of ATP generated by eukaryotic cells is the ______.

A

Mitochondria

106
Q

Which are functions of actin filaments?

A

Cell contraction

Pinching during cell division

Formation of cellular extensions

106
Q

The chloroplasts found in algae and plant cells convert the energy of sunlight into ______ energy through the process of photosynthesis.

A

Chemical

107
Q

In which type of microbe are ribosomes found?

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

108
Q

In which type of microbe are nucleoids found?

A

Prokaryotic cells only

108
Q

In which type of microbe are nucleic acids found?

A

Viruses, prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells

109
Q

Which organelle is the site of protein modification, protein storage, and protein packaging for final transport?

A

Golgi apparatus

109
Q

In which type of microbe are membrane-bound nuclei found?

A

Eukaryotic cells only

110
Q

Currently, the taxonomic hierarchy divides organisms in Eukarya into five ______.

A

Supergroups

111
Q

Within a eukaryotic cell, 80S ribosomes can be found ______.

A

In the cytoplasm

Attached to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

112
Q

In fungi, hyphae are:

A

Threadlike filaments that compose most of the body.

113
Q

Long, thin protein strands about 8 nm in diameter, that are involved in cellular contraction, pinching during cell division, and formation of cellular extensions, are called ______ filaments.

A

Actin

114
Q

To obtain nutrients, a fungus penetrates the substrate on which it is growing, and secretes ______ that reduce it to small molecules that can be absorbed.

A

Enzymes

115
Q

______ can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells but ______ are only found in eukaryotic cells.

A

Flagella; cilia

116
Q

Which of the following is the term for a network of tubular cells which cluster together to form the visible growth of fungi?

A

Mycelium

117
Q

The current hierarchy divides the Eukarya into five supergroups, a taxonomic level between ______ and ______.

A

Domain; kingdom

118
Q

Long, threadlike cells that make up the bodies of filamentous fungi, or molds, are called ______.

A

Hyphae

119
Q

What is produced in the primary reproductive method of fungi?

A

Spores

120
Q

When environmental conditions worsen, which of the following are commonly produced by fungi?

A

Spores

121
Q

The digestive enzymes of fungi ______.

A

Are secreted outside the cell to break down materials in the surrounding substrate

122
Q

When yeast are grown on agar, which terms best describe the appearance of the colonies?

A

Uniform

Soft

123
Q

Which of the following fungal spores are formed by successive cleavages of a saclike head and are themselves enclosed in a sac until rupture occurs?

A

Sporangiospores

124
Q

In what way do bacterial spores differ from fungal spores?

A

Bacterial spores are non-reproductive.

124
Q

Which are the roles of fungal spores?

A

Genetic variability

Dissemination

Survival

Reproduction

125
Q

Describe the hyphae of Ascomycota.

A

Hyphae with porous septa

125
Q

Identify the three most common sexual spores which provide a basis for classifying the major divisions of fungi.

A

Zygospores

Basidiospores

Ascospores

125
Q

Describe the hyphae of Zygomycota.

A

Usually nonseptate hyphae

125
Q

Which of the following media are commonly used to cultivate fungi?

A

Cornmeal agar

Blood agar

Sabouraud’s agar

125
Q

Describe the hyphae of Basidiomycota.

A

Incompletely septate hyphae

126
Q

Which type of microscopic fungi have colonies that resemble those of bacteria?

A

Yeast

126
Q

Describe the hyphae of Chytridiomycota.

A

Do not form hyphae

127
Q

Identify the type of asexual free fungal spores that are formed by pinching off or by segmentation of hyphae.

A

Conidiospores

128
Q

Fungi can act as primary as well as opportunistic pathogens.

A

True

129
Q

Which of the following is false regarding the majority of protists?

A

They have well-developed tissues and organ systems.

130
Q

To which fungal phylum does Saccharomyces (yeast) belong?

A

Ascomycota

131
Q

To which fungal phylum does Rhizopus (mold) belong?

A

Zygomycota

132
Q

To which fungal phylum does Mushroom belong?

A

Basidiomycota

133
Q

To which fungal phylum does Frog pathogen with flagellated spores belong?

A

Chytridimycota

134
Q

What type of spores are used in the laboratory to identify fungi?

A

Asexual spores

135
Q

Which of the following are examples of algae?

A

Seaweed

Kelp

Diatoms

136
Q

Which describes most protozoa?

A

Non-pathogenic

136
Q

Aspergillus flavus produces the poison ______ which has been linked to liver cancer.

A

Aflatoxin

137
Q

Algae are found in which of the following habitats?

A

Both fresh and marine waters

138
Q

Which is the most noticeable organelle in algae?

A

Chloroplast

139
Q

Which of the following are true about algae?

A

They are eukaryotes.

They can be unicellular or colonial.

140
Q

Most protozoa lack the ability to carry on which of the following processes?

A

Photosynthesis

141
Q

Which of the following is a major ecological benefit of algae?

A

Oxygen production

142
Q

Which structure is not found in protozoa?

A

Cell wall

143
Q

True or false: Most protozoa are free-living inhabitants of water and soil.

A

True

144
Q

Which of the following organisms are found in the Kingdom Protista?

A

Protozoa

Algae

145
Q

Protozoa typically obtain food through which of the two following methods?

A

Absorbing food directly through the cell membrane

Collecting food in a specialized structure called the oral groove

146
Q

Which describes algae?

A

Microscopic or macroscopic

147
Q

Which organelle is not found in most protozoa?

A

Chloroplast

148
Q

True or false: Certain protozoa have adaptations that allow them to live in areas of extreme pH and temperature.

A

True

149
Q

The hard shells of the foraminiferans are composed of which of the following compounds?

A

Calcium carbonate

150
Q

Protozoans typically use one of three modes of motility: “false feet” called ______, long hairlike structures called ______, or shorter hairlike structures called ______.

A

Pseudopods; flagella, cilia

151
Q

What is the function of the oral groove in some protozoa?

A

Feeding structure

152
Q

In some ciliates, cilia fuse together to form stiff props. When this occurs the cilia function in which way?

A

Primitive rows of walking legs

153
Q

Which environmental condition favors the formation of a trophozoite form in protozoa?

A

High moisture

154
Q

The main limiting factor for protozoa in a habitat is which of the following?

A

Availability of moisture

155
Q

Asexual reproduction in protozoa involves which of the following?

A

Mitosis

156
Q

Pseudopods are important structures for locomotion and which other protozoan function?

A

Feeding

157
Q

Which is not a method used in the identification of protozoa from clinical samples?

A

Ecological niche

157
Q

What genus causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium

157
Q

Which of the following structures have genes that function in feeding and waste removal in ciliates?

A

Macronuclei

157
Q

When cilia line the oral groove of a protozoan they function in which of the following?

A

Feeding

158
Q

Which of the following describes the majority of ciliates?

A

Harmless

Free-living

158
Q

Which of the following forms of protozoa resist harsh environments such as heat, drying, and chemicals?

A

Cyst

159
Q

Which of the following carries out a type of sexual reproduction called conjugation?

A

Ciliates

160
Q

Which of the following is a human parasite that is a ciliated protozoan?

A

Balantidium coli

160
Q

Giardia belongs to which group within the Supergroup Excavata?

A

Diplomonads

161
Q

The micronuclei are exchanged between ciliates during the process of ______.

A

Conjugation

161
Q

Identify the characteristics used in the identification of protozoa from clinical samples.

A

Presence of flagella/cilia

Number of nuclei

Mode of reproduction

Size and shape of the cell

162
Q

Plasmodium is a member of which group of protozoa?

A

Apicomplexa

163
Q

Which of the following is true for Giardia intestinalis?

A

Most of its energy is produced anaerobically.

It has highly reduced mitochondria.

It can cause an intestinal infection.

163
Q

In which group of protozoa is Trichomonas classified?

A

Parabasalids

164
Q

The life cycle of Plasmodium (causative agent of malaria) alternates between humans and which vector?

A

Mosquito

165
Q

Most euglenids are mixotrophs that may act ______ or ______.

A

Photosynthetically; heterotrophically

166
Q

The term helminth comes from the Greek word meaning “worm”. There are three types of helminths: ______, ______, and ______.

A

Tapeworms; flukes; roundworms

167
Q

Which of the following is the infective form of Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Trophozoite

167
Q

Identify the characteristics of helminths.

A

Multicellular adult form

Eukaryotic

Unicellular egg forms

168
Q

The three life stages of a helminth include which of the following?

A

Fertilized egg

Larval stage

Adult

169
Q

Since euglenids can carry out photosynthesis when light is available, but behave as heterotrophs in light’s absence, they are categorized as ______.

A

Mixotrophs

169
Q

The helminth Enterobius vermicularis causes which disease?

A

Pinworm infection

170
Q

Which of the following are commonly used to help identify helminths?

A

Shape of body

Eggs

Size of body

Hooks

171
Q

Which are helminths?

A

Roundworms

Tapeworms

Flukes

172
Q

Which of the following populations is most susceptible to helminth infections?

A

Malnourished children

173
Q

Which of the following eukaryotes are multicellular animals?

A

Helminths

174
Q

For a helminth parasite’s continued survival as a species, it must complete the lifecycle by transmitting an infective form, usually a(n) ______ or a(n) ______, to the body of another host.

A

Egg; larva

175
Q

Which type of helminth is Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Roundworm

176
Q

What is the most common equipment used to identify helminths?

A

Microscope

177
Q

What two factors are changing the patterns of worm infections worldwide?

A

Air travel

Human migration

178
Q

True or false: Helminths range in size from less than 1 mm to 25 m.

A

True

Microbiology (8 decks)

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