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Microbiology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

The host defenses include ______ immunity which is present at birth, and ______ immunity which is acquired over time and specific in its action.

A

Innate; Adaptive

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2
Q

Which of the following are nonspecific host defenses?

A

Physical barriers

Genetic differences

Chemical barriers

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3
Q

Which lines of defense are part of immunology?

A

Third

Second

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4
Q

White blood cells carry a variety of ______ ______ receptors that allow them to detect foreign substances.

A

Pattern; recognition

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5
Q

The structure and position of the body compartments that participate in the immune system, after the formation of immune cells, allows ______ interchange and communication.

A

Extensive

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6
Q

All organs and tissues contain a network of fibers and macrophages called the ______ system.

A

Mononuclear phagocyte

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7
Q

The system that functions in the immune system by providing a passageway within and between tissues is the mononuclear ______ system.

A

Phagocyte

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8
Q

The study of all features of the body’s second and third lines of defense is ______

A

Immunology

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9
Q

The circulatory system consists of the organs and tissues of both the ______ and ______.

A

Circulatory system proper

Lymphatic system

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10
Q

In addition to phagocytosis and initiation of inflammation, white blood cells have the capacity to discover foreign substances using surface receptors known as ______.

A

Pattern recognition receptors

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11
Q

Body compartments that participate in immune function are the mononuclear______ system, ______ fluid, the ______, Correct Unavailable, and the lymphatic system .

A

Phagocyte; extracellular; bloodstream

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12
Q

The fluid portion of the blood that carries proteins, nutrients, and clotting factors, and in which blood cells are normally suspended, is ______.

A

Plasma

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13
Q

The liquid connective tissue that consists of cells such as erythrocytes and leukocytes, along with platelets suspended in plasma, is ______ ______

A

Whole; blood

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14
Q

The clear fluid from blood that contains clotting proteins is ______, whereas the clear fluid from clotted blood that does not contain clotting proteins is ______.

A

Plasma; serum

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15
Q

Plasma proteins called ______ are globulins involved in the immune response.

A

Antibodies

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16
Q

Which of the following are found in blood plasma?

A

Antibodies

Dissolved nutrients

Immunochemicals

Clotting factors

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17
Q

Regarding the fluid component of plasma, 92% of the fluid is ______

A

Water

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18
Q

Hematopoiesis is the process by which ______ cells are formed in the red bone marrow.

A

Blood

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19
Q

If a sample contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets suspended in plasma, the sample is called ______.

A

Whole blood

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20
Q

Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following areas at some stage of life?

A

Yolk sac

Lymphatic organs

Liver

Red bone marrow

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21
Q

Undifferentiated cells that are precursors to new blood cells are ______ cells.

A

Stem

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22
Q

Which of the following are granulocytes

A

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Basophils

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23
Q

What is the process by which blood cells are formed in bone marrow?

A

Hematopoiesis

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24
Q

Leukocytes that circulate in the blood in high numbers but spend most of their life in the tissues serving as phagocytes are ______.

A

Neutrophils

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25
Neutrophils are also called ______ neutrophils or PMNs.
Polymorphonuclear
26
The main role of neutrophils is ______
Phagocytosis
27
Granulocytes that are distinguished in a stain preparation by their larger, orange to red granules and bilobed nucleus are ______.
Eosinophils
28
Eosinophils target which of the following?
Worms
29
Which type of leukocytes have conspicuous, lobed nuclei and fine, pale lavender granules?
Neutrophils
30
WBCs that share some morphological and functional similarities with mast cells, and that parallel many of the actions of eosinophils are ______
Basophils
31
Which motile granulocytes function in inflammatory events and allergies by releasing histamine?
Basophils
32
White blood cells that make up 1% to 3% of the total WBC count, and that contain granules with lysozyme, peroxidase, and other digestive enzymes, are ______
Eosinophils
33
Which of the following are agranulocytic white blood cells?
Monocytes Lymphocytes
34
Which type of pathogens are targeted by eosinophils?
Eukaryotes
35
White blood cells with an unlobed, rounded nucleus and the absence of tiny inclusions in their cytoplasm are referred to as ______.
Agranulocytes
36
The second most predominant type of leukocyte in circulation is the ______
Lymphocytes
37
Which cell type has a pale-staining, constricted nucleus and contains granules with potent chemical mediators such as histamine?
Basophil
38
A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and is involved in the production of antibodies for humoral immunity is called a ______ lymphocyte.
B
39
Which large agranulocytes are the precursors to macrophages and dendritic cells?
Monocytes
40
When viewing leukocytes under a light microscope, staining with a hematologic stain produces some cells with granular structures in the cytoplasm. Leukocytes that do not have visible cytoplasmic granules under these conditions are called ______
Agranulocytes
41
Monocytes may leave the circulation and differentiate into ______
Macrophages
42
The group of leukocytes that includes B cells, NK cells, and T cells, are known generally as ______.
Lymphocytes
43
Which of the following are characteristics of B lymphocytes?
Production of antibodies when activated Free movement between lymphoid organs and connective tissue Maturation in the bone marrow
44
Red blood cells are called ______.
Erythrocytes
45
Readily distinguished from cells by their small size, ______ are formed elements in the blood that are involved in blood clotting and hemostasis.
Platelets
46
A large, phagocytic white blood cell, derived from a monocyte, that leaves the circulation and plays a role in specific immune reactions while residing in tissues is called a(n) ______.
Macrophage
47
A system of vessels and organs that serve as sites for the development of immune cells, immune surveillance, and immune reactions is the ______ system.
Lymphatic
48
The system of vessels that transport lymph are built along the lines of ______ vessels.
Blood
49
Which of the following are secondary lymphoid organs where encounters with microbes and immune responses take place?
Spleen Lymph nodes
49
A lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and is involved in the production of antibodies for humoral immunity is called a ______ lymphocyte.
B
50
Which of the following are primary lymphoid organs where lymphocytes are formed or reside?
Thymus gland Bone marrow
51
Formed elements in the blood that are involved in hemostasis and blood clotting are ______
Platelets
52
This gland is located in the thoracic cavity and serves as the site for T cell maturation.
Thymus
53
The spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and GALT are all components of the ______ system.
Lymphatic
54
Filtration of lymphatic fluid occurs primarily in the ______ ______
Lymph; nodes
55
Lymph is transported through a system of ______ vessels.
Lymphatic
56
An organ that is similar in function to a lymph node except it filters blood instead of lymph is the ______
Spleen
57
Secondary lymphoid organs, where encounters with microbes and immune responses occur, include the ______.
Lymph nodes and spleen
58
Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) responds to microbes entering through the ______ systems.
Urinary Gastrointestinal Respiratory
59
The function of the ______ gland is the maturation of T cells.
Thymus
60
The associated lymphoid tissue that includes the appendix and Peyer's patches is ______
GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue
61
What is/are the role(s) of the lymph nodes?
Providing sites for immune reactions Provision of immune cells Filtration of lymphatic fluid
62
The host inflammatory response is a component of the ______ line of defense.
Second
63
Which of the following are functions of the spleen?
Filtration of pathogens from the blood Remove worn-out RBCs from circulation
64
A chemical substance produced by blood cells and tissue cells that regulates development, inflammation, and immunity is a(n) ______
Cytokine
65
Organs lined with mucous membranes contain a discrete population of lymphocytes and other white blood cells known as ______ to respond to the constant influx of microbes through theses portals of entry.
MALT
66
Which of the following cell types are the main phagocytic cells of the immune system?
Dendritic cells Macrophages Neutrophils Monocytes
67
Which associated lymphoid tissue provides immune function against intestinal pathogens and is a significant source of some types of antibodies?
GALT
68
What are small protein molecules that are produced by certain leukocytes and tissue cells in response to viral infection called?
Interferons
69
The complement system is composed of at least ______ proteins.
30
70
A reaction to any traumatic event in the tissues that attempts to restore homeostasis is ______
Inflammation
71
Substances that are released by cells in an injured area that act on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are called ______.
Chemical mediators Cytokines
72
All three interferons bind to cell surface receptors and induce a change in ______ expression in the target cell, resulting in the production of antiviral proteins.
Genetic
73
A system of blood proteins that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism is the ______ system.
Complement

Microbiology (12 decks)

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