Chapter 4

Question 0

environment

Answer 0

every non genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to people and things around us (

Question 1

behavior genetics

Answer 1

the study of the relative power and limits of generic and environmental influences on behavior (studying power of

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. (what makes us who we are)

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

a complex molecule containing the generic information that makes up the chromosomes (genetics !)

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

the biochemical units of hereditary that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein (makes up chromosomes )

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosomes (in every chromosome)

Question 6

identical twins

Answer 6

twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating then genetically identical organisms (⚾️ splitting into ⚾️⚾️)

Question 7

fraternal twins

Answer 7

twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. they are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters but they share a fetal environment. (⚾️ and

Question 8

temperament

Answer 8

a persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity (

Question 9

heritability

Answer 9

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. the heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied (different for everyone)

Question 10

interaction

Answer 10

the interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor.

Question 11

molecular genetics

Answer 11

the sub field of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes

Question 12

evolutionary psychology

Answer 12

the study if the evolution if behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

the principle that, among the range if the inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 14

mutation

Answer 14

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Question 15

gender

Answer 15

in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female.

Question 16

culture

Answer 16

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Question 17

norm

Answer 17

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norma prescribe “proper” behavior.

Question 18

personal space

Answer 18

the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Question 19

individualism

Answer 19

giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Question 20

collectivism

Answer 20

giving priority to goals of ones group and defining ones identity accordingly

Question 21

aggression

Answer 21

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Question 22

X chromosome

Answer 22

the sex chromosomes found in both men and women. females have two X chromosomes; males have one. an X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.

Question 23

Y chromosome

Answer 23

the sex chromosome found on only makes. when paired with an X chromosome from the mother it produces a male child.

Question 24

testosterone

Answer 24

the nose important of the male sex hormones. both makes and females have it but the additional testosterone in makes stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Question 25

role

Answer 25

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position out to behave.

Question 26

gender role

Answer 26

a set of expected behavior for males or for females.

Question 27

gender identity.

Answer 27

our sense of being male or female

Question 28

gender typing

Answer 28

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

Question 29

social learning theory

Answer 29

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.