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chapter 13 Flashcards

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0
Q

free association

A

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

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1
Q

personality

A

an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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2
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

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3
Q

unconscious

A

according to freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories.

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4
Q

id

A

contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives (freud)

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5
Q

ego

A

the largely conscious part of personality that according to Freud mediates among the demands of the ID and superego. reality principle

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6
Q

superego

A

the part of personality that according to Freud represents internal judgment and for future aspirations

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7
Q

psychosexual stages

A

the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phalic,latency,genital) during which the IDs pleasure seeking energies focus on district erogenous zones

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8
Q

Oedipus complex

A

according to Freud, a boys sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred to the father

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9
Q

identification

A

the process by which according to Freud children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos

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10
Q

fixation

A

a lingering focus on pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved

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11
Q

defense mechanisms

A

in psychoanalytic theory, the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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12
Q

repression

A

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories from consciousness

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13
Q

regression

A

psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

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14
Q

recreation formation

A

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites.

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15
Q

projection

A

psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

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16
Q

rationalization

A

defense mechanism that offered self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

17
Q

displacement

A

psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet

18
Q

denial

A

defense mechanism by which people refuses to believe or even to perceive painful realities

19
Q

collective unconscious

A

Carl Jung concept of a shared inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

20
Q

projective test

A

a personality test such as the Rorschach or TAT that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

21
Q

thematic apperception test

A

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

22
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people’s inner feeling by analyzing their interpretations of the blots

23
Q

terror-management theory

A

a theory of death-related anxiety; explorers people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

24
Q

self-actualization

A

according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic psychical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved.

25
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

26
Q

self-concept

A

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

27
Q

trait

A

a characteristic of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

28
Q

personality inventory

A

a questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors: used to asses selected personality traits

29
Q

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

A

the most widely used researched and clinically used of all personality tests. originally used to identify emotional disorders

30
Q

empirically derived test

A

a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

31
Q

social-cognitive perspective

A

cries behavior as influenced by the interaction between peoples traits and their social context

32
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

33
Q

personal control

A

the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless

34
Q

external locus of control

A

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

35
Q

internal locus of control

A

the perception that you control your own fate

36
Q

learned helplessness

A

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

37
Q

positive psychology

A

the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

38
Q

self

A

in contemporary psychology assumed to be the center of personality the organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actions

39
Q

spotlight effect

A

overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

40
Q

self-esteem

A

one’s feelings of high or low self- worth

41
Q

self-serving bias

A

a readiness to perceive favorably

AP psych (13 decks)

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