chapter 11 Flashcards
instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
drive-reduction theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an arouses tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around a particular level
incentive
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with psychological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs become active
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major sources of energy for body tissues.
set point
the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat “ is supposedly set.
basal metabolic rate
the body’s resting rage of energy expenditure
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating usually of high calories, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
binge-eating disorder
significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, guilt, but without fasting or excessive exercise
sexual response cycle
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnsons- excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
refractory period
a resting period after orgasm, during which men cannot achieve another orgasm
sexual disorder
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
estrogens
sex hormones secreted in females more than in males
testosterone
both males and females have it, but the additional amount in makes stimulates the growth of the male sex organs
sexual orientation
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own sex(homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexuals)
flow
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness
industrial-organizational psychology
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
personnel psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruiting, selecting, placement, training , appraisal, and development
organized psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
structured interviews
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishments ; for mastering things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard
task leadership
goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work , and focuses attention on goals
social leadership
group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
