chapter 11

Question 0

instinct

Answer 0

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

drive-reduction theory

Answer 2

the idea that a physiological need creates an arouses tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 3

homeostasis

Answer 3

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose around a particular level

Question 4

incentive

Answer 4

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 5

hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with psychological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs become active

Question 6

glucose

Answer 6

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major sources of energy for body tissues.

Question 7

set point

Answer 7

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat “ is supposedly set.

Question 8

basal metabolic rate

Answer 8

the body’s resting rage of energy expenditure

Question 9

anorexia nervosa

Answer 9

an eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

Question 10

bulimia nervosa

Answer 10

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating usually of high calories, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 11

binge-eating disorder

Answer 11

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, guilt, but without fasting or excessive exercise

Question 12

sexual response cycle

Answer 12

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnsons- excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 13

refractory period

Answer 13

a resting period after orgasm, during which men cannot achieve another orgasm

Question 14

sexual disorder

Answer 14

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Question 15

estrogens

Answer 15

sex hormones secreted in females more than in males

Question 16

testosterone

Answer 16

both males and females have it, but the additional amount in makes stimulates the growth of the male sex organs

Question 17

sexual orientation

Answer 17

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own sex(homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexuals)

Question 18

flow

Answer 18

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness

Question 19

industrial-organizational psychology

Answer 19

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 20

personnel psychology

Answer 20

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruiting, selecting, placement, training , appraisal, and development

Question 21

organized psychology

Answer 21

a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

Question 22

structured interviews

Answer 22

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

Question 23

achievement motivation

Answer 23

a desire for significant accomplishments ; for mastering things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard

Question 24

task leadership

Answer 24

goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work , and focuses attention on goals

Question 25

social leadership

Answer 25

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support