chapter 3 Flashcards
cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain and the activity linked with cognition. (brain&thought)
consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment. (
dual processing
the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. (aware and unaware)
selective attention
the focusing of conscious awareness in a particular stimulus (focused on 1 thing )
inattentional blindness
failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere. (gorilla)
change blindness
failing to notice changes in the environment (environment changes)
circadian rhythm
the biological clock(⏰⌛️)
REM sleep
rapid eye movement. a reoccurring sleep stage during which dreams occur. (dreams)
alpha waves
the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state (
sleep
periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- a distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma of hibernation (
hallucinations
false sensory experiences, suck as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. (
delta waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
insomnia
reoccurring problems in falling or staying asleep
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
night terrors
a sleep disorder characterizes by high arousal and appearance of being terrified. (not nightmares )
dream
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. hallucinatory, discontinuities, incongruities
manifest content
a remembers story line of a dream
latent content
the underlying meaning of a dream
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thought or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
posthypnotic suggestion
a suggestion made during a hypnosis session to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized.
dissociation
a split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously.
psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.
tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger spears before experiencing the drugs effect.
withdrawal
the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.
physical dependence
a psychological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal summations
psychosocial dependence
a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.
addiction
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.
depressant
drugs such as alcohol barbiturates and opiates that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
barbiturates
drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
opiates
opium and its derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
stimulants
drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine and the more powerful amphetamines cocaine and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
methamphetamine
a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
Ecstasy
a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen produces euphoria and social intimacy but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition
hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs such as LSD that distort perceptions and invoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
LSD
A powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid
THC
The major active ingredient in marijuana triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations
near death experience
an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death
