chapter 16 Flashcards

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0
Q

mirror-image perceptions

A

mutual views often help by conflicting people. each side sees themselves as ethical and peaceful and the other side as evil and aggressive.

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1
Q

conflict

A

a perceived incompatibility of actions,goals or ideas.

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2
Q

reciprocity norm

A

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.

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3
Q

social exchange theory

A

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

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4
Q

bystander effect

A

the tendency to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

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5
Q

altruism

A

the unselfish regard for the welfare if others

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6
Q

self-disclosure

A

revealing intimate aspect of oneself to others.

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7
Q

equity

A

condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.

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8
Q

companionate love

A

the deep affectionate attraction we feel for those with whom our lives intertwine.

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9
Q

passionate love

A

an arousal state of intense positive absorption in another usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

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10
Q

mere exposure effect

A

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

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11
Q

frustration aggression principle

A

the principle that frustration( the blocking of an attempt to achieve a goal ) creates anger, which can generate aggression.

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12
Q

aggression

A

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.

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13
Q

just-world phenomenon

A

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Karma !

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14
Q

role

A

set of explanations about a social position, defining how those in the position should behave.

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15
Q

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

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16
Q

peripheral route to persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues like speakers attractiveness.

17
Q

central route to persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and reaping with favorable thoughts.

18
Q

attitude

A

feeling often influenced by our beluga that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, peoples, and events.

19
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency for observers when analyzing another’s behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

20
Q

attribution theory

A

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition.

21
Q

social psychology

A

the scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another.

22
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality.

23
Q

normative social influence

A

influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

24
Q

conformity

A

adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a groups standards.

25
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.

26
Q

social facilitation

A

stronger responses on simple or well learned tasks in presence of others.

27
Q

other-race-effect

A

the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than the faces of another race.

28
Q

scapegoat theory

A

the theory that prejudice offers and outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

29
Q

ingroup bias

A

the tendency to favor our own group.

30
Q

out group

A

“them”- those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.

31
Q

ingroup

A

“us”- people with whom we share a common identity.

32
Q

discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative BEHAVIOR toward a group and it’s members.

33
Q

stereotype

A

a generalized BELIEF about a group of people.

34
Q

prejudice

A

an unjustifiable ATTITUDE toward a group and it’s members.

35
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.

36
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that faster arousal and anonymity.

37
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their effort toward a common goal than when individually accountable.

38
Q

group think

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

39
Q

social-responsibility norm

A

an expectation that people will help those dependent on them.

40
Q

social trap

A

a situation in which the conflicting parties, each perusing their self-interests, became caught in mutually destructive behavior.

41
Q

role

A

set of explanations about social position, defining how those in the position should behave.