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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

Prenatal development

1
Q

organogenesis

A

the process of organ formation in humans. (0-10 weeks)

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2
Q

zygote

A

The human organism from fertilization until 2 weeks.

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3
Q

foetus

A

the human organism 12 weeks after conception until birth.

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4
Q

embryo

A

The human organism from 2 until 10 weeks

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5
Q

neonate

A

an infant less than a month old

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6
Q

postnatal development

A

The development of a human after they are born.

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7
Q

synaptogenesis

A

the building of connections between nerve cells

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8
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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9
Q

ectoderm

A

outermost of the 3 primary germ layers of the embryo. The central nervous system and skin develop from it.

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10
Q

neural plate

A

The thickened ectoderm that will form the brain. Arises at day 18 of gestation.

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11
Q

neural tube

A

The folded neural plate that will become the brain and the spinal column.

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12
Q

neurogenesis

A

the birth of neurons

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13
Q

cell migration in the cortex

A

cells migrating to their innermost layer.

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14
Q

formation of sulci and gyri

A

By 6 moths

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15
Q

term

A

the end of pregnancy

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16
Q

rooting reflex

A

babies moving towards where their cheek is being touched.

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17
Q

chemosensory system

A

Both gustatory and olfactory senses, (taste and smell)

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18
Q

fluid intake

A

In blood not broken down as much as in the amniotic fluid.

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19
Q

colostrum

A

The breast fluid that precedes true milk.

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20
Q

vestibular system

A

the sensory system that contributes to balance and space orientation.

21
Q

righting reflex

A

by 25 weeks

22
Q

preterm

A

Born prematurely, considered this if born before 38 weeks of pregnancy

23
Q

circadian rhythm

A

bodily cycles that occur on a 24 hour cycle.

24
Q

baby and vision

A

eyelids only open at 5-7 months and when they open barely any stimuli.

25
Q

trimester

A

period of three months.

26
Q

nerve fibers interconnect with the cells in the LGN

A

at the end of the first trimester.

27
Q

start development of the auditory system

A

at 6 weeks of pregnancy

28
Q

Formation of the cochlea an inner ear

A

at 7 weeks of pregnancy

29
Q

sound and hart rate

A

loud sounds result in a high hart rate of the baby

30
Q

transnatal learning

A

learning that occurs during the prenatal period and is remembered during the postnatal period.

31
Q

What we learned from transnatal learning

A

prenatal experience affects postnatal brain activity and behavior.
maternal voice is a perceptual bridge into postnatal life.

32
Q

perinatal

A

the period just before and after birth

33
Q

SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)

A

drugs used to treat anxiety or depression.

34
Q

developmental programming

A

prenatal conditions that have detrimental effects on health into adulthood

35
Q

ultradian rhythm

A

rhythms or cycles that repeat in less than 24 hours

36
Q

morula

A

day 6, cell differentiation starts

37
Q

Blastula

A

day 4-7, implantation of the zygote in the uterus

38
Q

Gastrulation

A

the formation of the 3 germ layers by migration and differentiation of the blastula cells (week 2)

39
Q

mesoderm

A

one of the 3 germ layers, forms the muscles and bones

40
Q

endoderm

A

one of the 3 germ layers forms almost all organs except for the brain.

41
Q

neurulation

A

formation of the neural plate, neural tube and neural groove from the ectoderm

42
Q

anencephaly/open skull

A

when the neural tube does not fully close other consequence can be spina bifida/open back

43
Q

cranial-caudal

A

from head to toe

44
Q

Kangaroo-method

A

skin to skin contact with parents for preterm babies. Baby moves with the parent

45
Q

achondroplasia

A

dwarfism, association with fathers age and prevalence.

46
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

Can be gotten when mother is addicted to alcohol, but only 6% gets this syndrome.

47
Q

risk factors during pregnancy

A

Age (mother and father)
nutrition
alcohol
smoking
stress/mental problems
infections

48
Q

microcephaly

A

small skull with limited brain growth

49
Q

POP-poli

A

institution for pregnant women with mental problems.

Developmental Psychology (23 decks)

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