Chapter 1 Flashcards
Scope and methods of developmental psychology
maturation
aspects of development primarily under genetic control.
the 2 world views/paradigms developmental theories fall under?
Orgasmic world view and mechanistic world view.
Orgasmic world view
A person interacts with its environment and shapes its own development
Mechanistic world view
A person is like a machine, they are passive until stimulated by the environment.
Behaviourism
directly observable behavior is the focus of a study and children are passive responders to conditioning.
3 methods to study development
cross-sectional design
longitudinal design
sequential design
cross-sectional design
multiple children from different ages are observed at 1 point in time.
Disadvantage: does not show continuity/discontinuity.
Longitudinal design
People are tested as they grow older.
Disadvantage: high cost, high drop-out rate, takes a lot of time, results might only apply to one age cohort.
Sequential design
combination of a longitudinal design and cross-sectional design. Follows development from people of different age cohorts at different ages.
microgenetic methods
measures change as it occurs, which involves repeated tests in a short time.
cohort effect
there can be changes across generations when it comes to characteristics
baby biography
observational method where a dairy details an infants development.
Disadvantage: Généralisation
time sampling
observational method where people are studied at intervals over a period of time
affect
emotional state or feelings of a person
event sampling
observational method where behavior of interest is observed when it happens.
Clinical method
Observational method where behavior is first observed and then an experiment is done on that behavior.
structured observation
observational method where variables are systematically varied and the response is observed.
The 2 types of correlational studies are?
The concurrent study and the predictive study
concurrent study
measuring the variables that are measured at the same time (correlational study)
predictive study
measuring if individuals keep their standing over time (correlational study)
Marker task
a method designed to elicit a behavior with a known neural basis (neural basis comes from studies with animals)
ecological validity
When results are meaningful in the real world
catharsis hypothesis
the argument of watching aggressive tendencies should reduce own aggressive feelings.
social policies
actions/laws/rules to improve existing conditions
