Chapter 21 Flashcards
Atypical development
atypical behavior
a substantial delay in particular behavior or behavior being qualitatively different.
development delay
a delayed but normal path of development
developmental difference
a qualitatively different path of development
inclusion criterion
children with a score that is 1.5 standard deviations below the mean are included as atypical
atypical trajectories
a sequence of development that departs from the typical sequence
williams syndrome
deletion chromosome 7, low non-verbal IQ, impaired visuospatial and visuomotor skills and impaired pragmatics.
Intact language skills and face processing
amniocentesis
medical procedure to see if the foetal DNA has any abnormalities
Down’s syndrome
Copy of chromosome 21, cognitive disability, delayed language production and characteristic motor differences
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
two main symptoms:
inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity
Maybe because of other activity frontal cortex, has a high heritability.
saccades
fast eye movements to shift fixation to an object of interest.
pragmatics
ability of a speaker to communicate in socially appropriate ways, also politeness and humor
specific language impairment (SLI)
A disorder where production or comprehension of language can be impaired
theory of mind hypothesis of autism
People with autism have difficulty understanding others thoughts and beliefs. Not an explanation, rather a consequence.
executive function hypothesis of autism
view that autism is due to a deficit in executive functioning
central coherence hypothesis of autism
the view that autism is due to a lack of central coherence, parts not integrated into a whole.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
2 domains:
-problems social interaction and communication
-limited repetitive patterns of behavior
greater activity medial prefrontal cortex, delay in response to listening tones.
Best intervention ADHD
Medication works better, than therapy but the combination of both works best.
inhibitory control
the ability to overcome a proponent motor response, people with ADHD have problems with this.
Bronfenbrenners ecological model
model that places human development into a wider context of interaction with the environment
microsystem
layer 1, the individual child and their characteristics and relationships and settings
mesosystem
layer 2, The interaction of the different Microsystems like the school and family
exosystem
layer 3, influences like mass media, neighbors, family and friends
macrosystem
layer 4, cultural level of influence and ideologies
chronosystem
layer 5, period of time in which someone lives.
