Chapter 21

Question 1

atypical behavior

Answer 1

a substantial delay in particular behavior or behavior being qualitatively different.

Question 2

development delay

Answer 2

a delayed but normal path of development

Question 3

developmental difference

Answer 3

a qualitatively different path of development

Question 4

inclusion criterion

Answer 4

children with a score that is 1.5 standard deviations below the mean are included as atypical

Question 5

atypical trajectories

Answer 5

a sequence of development that departs from the typical sequence

Question 6

williams syndrome

Answer 6

deletion chromosome 7, low non-verbal IQ, impaired visuospatial and visuomotor skills and impaired pragmatics.
Intact language skills and face processing

Question 7

amniocentesis

Answer 7

medical procedure to see if the foetal DNA has any abnormalities

Question 8

Down’s syndrome

Answer 8

Copy of chromosome 21, cognitive disability, delayed language production and characteristic motor differences

Question 9

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 9

two main symptoms:
inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity
Maybe because of other activity frontal cortex, has a high heritability.

Question 10

saccades

Answer 10

fast eye movements to shift fixation to an object of interest.

Question 11

pragmatics

Answer 11

ability of a speaker to communicate in socially appropriate ways, also politeness and humor

Question 12

specific language impairment (SLI)

Answer 12

A disorder where production or comprehension of language can be impaired

Question 13

theory of mind hypothesis of autism

Answer 13

People with autism have difficulty understanding others thoughts and beliefs. Not an explanation, rather a consequence.

Question 14

executive function hypothesis of autism

Answer 14

view that autism is due to a deficit in executive functioning

Question 15

central coherence hypothesis of autism

Answer 15

the view that autism is due to a lack of central coherence, parts not integrated into a whole.

Question 16

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 16

2 domains:
-problems social interaction and communication
-limited repetitive patterns of behavior
greater activity medial prefrontal cortex, delay in response to listening tones.

Question 17

Best intervention ADHD

Answer 17

Medication works better, than therapy but the combination of both works best.

Question 18

inhibitory control

Answer 18

the ability to overcome a proponent motor response, people with ADHD have problems with this.

Question 19

Bronfenbrenners ecological model

Answer 19

model that places human development into a wider context of interaction with the environment

Question 20

microsystem

Answer 20

layer 1, the individual child and their characteristics and relationships and settings

Question 21

mesosystem

Answer 21

layer 2, The interaction of the different Microsystems like the school and family

Question 22

exosystem

Answer 22

layer 3, influences like mass media, neighbors, family and friends

Question 23

macrosystem

Answer 23

layer 4, cultural level of influence and ideologies

Question 24

chronosystem

Answer 24

layer 5, period of time in which someone lives.

Question 25

criticism bronfenbrenners ecological model

Answer 25

You can not test it, so bad testability