Chapter 4

Question 1

What are the general characteristics of a pesticide product that make it usable

Answer 1

Reasonably easy for you to handle
Sufficiently safe for you to handle
In a form that can be applied in a way that reaches pests
Chemically stable so it does not loose effectiveness to quickly in storage or after being applied

Question 2

Active Ingredient (a.i.)

Answer 2

substance that actually controls a pest

Question 3

Inert Ingredients

Answer 3

substances that make a product usable

Question 4

Formulation

Answer 4

Active ingredient + inert ingredients

Question 5

Trade Name

Answer 5

also known as brand or product name. It is used to advertise products to customers

Ex: Off!

Question 6

Chemical Name

Answer 6

chemical component and structure of the active ingredient.

Ex: N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide

Question 7

Common Name

Answer 7

shorter unique name because chemical names are complex

Ex: Deet

Question 8

Where can you find the trade name, chemical name, and common name on a pesticide label

Answer 8

Trade Name: Prominently on the front panel
Chemical Name: listed on ingredient stamens on the front panel of the pesticide label
Common Name: can be used on the ingredient statement of the pesticide label

Question 9

How can products with the same a.i. or trade name differ? Why is it important?

Answer 9

can different in formulation, amount of diet, inclusion of other ai, or labeled uses

the amount and types of ai and allowed uses differ the risks and safety precautions will differ as well

Question 10

Solution

Answer 10

Substance disolved in a liquid. Agitation is not needed to keep the various parts from settling out

Question 11

Suspension

Answer 11

Mixture of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquid. particles do not deserve and must ne agitated to keep them dispersed

Question 12

Emulsion

Answer 12

one liquid is dispersed as droplets in another. Each liquid retains its original identity and some agitation is required to keep it from separating

Question 13

What do you need to consider when choosing a formulation?

Answer 13

If the formulation will stay in place long enough
risks
what application equipment and ppe you need
how easy it is to handle and measure the formulation
Dilution
if you will be able to use all the product
price

Question 14

Where do you look on a pesticide label to determine the formulation?

Answer 14

typically abbreviation for formulation is on the product label
if not it will be under the general information or directions for use section

Question 15

What do designations like 10WP and 6EC mean?

Answer 15

the relative amount of active ingredient

liquid - how many pounds of ai are in each gallon
dry - ai by weight in the product (ex 60 = 60%)

Question 16

What are adjuvants and why are they used?

Answer 16

chemicals that are either premixed in the pesticide formulation or added to the spray tank to improve mixing, application, or pesticidal performance

Question 17

Where do you look on a pesticide label to determine what adjuvants to use?

Answer 17

directions for use section

Question 18

Flowables

Answer 18

F or L

active ingredient is a solid that does not dissolve in either water or oil so it is impregnated on a substance and ground to a very fine powder then suspended in a small amount of liquid.

Pros: Easy to handle

Cons: Subject to spilling and splashing, required agitation abrasive, visual residue

Question 19

Water Dispersible Granules/Dry Flowables

Answer 19

WDG/DF

small easily measured granules. Once mixed with water they break apart into fine particles similar to WPs. Constant agitation is required.

Question 20

Water Dispersible Granules/Dry Flowables

Answer 20

WDG/DF

small easily measured granules. Once mixed with water they break apart into fine particles similar to WPs. Constant agitation is required. % of AI is high

Question 21

Ready to Use Low Concentrate Solutions

Answer 21

RTU

require no dilution before application. Contain a small amount of ai in an organic solvent

Pros: Easy, do not stain, good for structural pest control
Cons: Limited availability, high cost per unit of ai, can harm foligae

Question 22

Ultra Low Volume

Answer 22

ULV

very concentrated and used as is or in small quantities or farrier.

Pros: easy to handle and require little to agitation, not abrasive,

Cons: easy to over/under dose, specialized application equipment required, difficult to control drift,

Question 23

Invert Emulsion

Answer 23

water soluble pesticide dispersed in oil

Question 24

Invert Emulsion

Answer 24

water soluble pesticide dispersed in oil

Pros: reduce drift, improves rain resistance, serves as sticker spreader

Cons: difficult to get thorough coverage

Question 25

Aerosols

Answer 25

A Contain a low percent of one or more active ingredients in a solvent ready to use or in a liquid formulation put into a machine pros: easy way to fill an enclosed space cons: inhalation exposure

Question 26

Dusts

Answer 26

D ready to use and contain 10% or less active ingredient plus a very inert carrier Pros: ready to use, require simple equipment, hard to reach places Cons: easy to move off target, will not stick to surfaces, liquids cause them to clump, irritant, inhalation risk

Question 27

Granules

Answer 27

G similar to dust except they are larger and heavier. Pros: break down gradually, ready to use, weight carrie the, to the soil or water target, less drift Cons: difficult to apply them uniformly and at proper rate , will not stick to uneven surfaces, sometimes need moisture to release, birds can feed on the,

Question 28

Pellet

Answer 28

P or PS | similar to granules but all the particles are the same weight and shape

Question 29

Baits

Answer 29

contains an active ingredient mixed with food or another attractive substance

Question 30

Paste and Gels

Answer 30

Used for structural pest control

Question 31

Microencapsulated Formulation

Answer 31

cover liquid or dry pesticide in a plastic coating Pros:

Question 32

Microencapsulated Formulation

Answer 32

cover liquid or dry pesticide in a plastic coating Pros: slow release of ai and less likely to be lost as vapors, poses fewer risk to the skin Cons: attractive to bees and can break down too slowly

Question 33

Animal Systemics

Answer 33

Protect animals against blood feeding insects by being absorbed and moved within the animal

Question 34

Fumigants

Answer 34

a type of pesticide that forms a poisonous gas when applied

Question 35

Fumigants

Answer 35

a type of pesticide that forms a poisonous gas when applied

Question 36

Fumigants

Answer 36

a type of pesticide that forms a poisonous gas when applied

Question 37

Surfactants (wetting agents/spreaders)

Answer 37

help a pesticide spray droplets wet plant foliage and spread out evenly

Question 38

sticker

Answer 38

increases the adhesion of solid particles (ex: powder suspended in a spray mix) to target surfaces

Question 39

extenders

Answer 39

retain pesticides on the target surface, slow evaporation, and inhibit degradation

Question 40

plant penetrants

Answer 40

enhance penetration of some pesticides into plants

Question 41

compatibility agents

Answer 41

helps products mix well together

Question 42

buffers or acidifiers

Answer 42

prevent degradation by acidifying and stabilizing the water in the spray tank

Question 43

drift control additives

Answer 43

improve on target placement of the pesticide spray by increasing the average droplet size

Question 44

thickeners

Answer 44

increase the viscosity of spray mixes

Question 45

defaming agents

Answer 45

eliminates or decreases the amount of foam that can form in the spray tank

Question 46

foaming agents

Answer 46

creates foam to improve the placement of pesticides