Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of a pesticide product that make it usable
Reasonably easy for you to handle
Sufficiently safe for you to handle
In a form that can be applied in a way that reaches pests
Chemically stable so it does not loose effectiveness to quickly in storage or after being applied
Active Ingredient (a.i.)
substance that actually controls a pest
Inert Ingredients
substances that make a product usable
Formulation
Active ingredient + inert ingredients
Trade Name
also known as brand or product name. It is used to advertise products to customers
Ex: Off!
Chemical Name
chemical component and structure of the active ingredient.
Ex: N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide
Common Name
shorter unique name because chemical names are complex
Ex: Deet
Where can you find the trade name, chemical name, and common name on a pesticide label
Trade Name: Prominently on the front panel
Chemical Name: listed on ingredient stamens on the front panel of the pesticide label
Common Name: can be used on the ingredient statement of the pesticide label
How can products with the same a.i. or trade name differ? Why is it important?
can different in formulation, amount of diet, inclusion of other ai, or labeled uses
the amount and types of ai and allowed uses differ the risks and safety precautions will differ as well
Solution
Substance disolved in a liquid. Agitation is not needed to keep the various parts from settling out
Suspension
Mixture of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquid. particles do not deserve and must ne agitated to keep them dispersed
Emulsion
one liquid is dispersed as droplets in another. Each liquid retains its original identity and some agitation is required to keep it from separating
What do you need to consider when choosing a formulation?
If the formulation will stay in place long enough
risks
what application equipment and ppe you need
how easy it is to handle and measure the formulation
Dilution
if you will be able to use all the product
price
Where do you look on a pesticide label to determine the formulation?
typically abbreviation for formulation is on the product label
if not it will be under the general information or directions for use section
What do designations like 10WP and 6EC mean?
the relative amount of active ingredient
liquid - how many pounds of ai are in each gallon
dry - ai by weight in the product (ex 60 = 60%)
What are adjuvants and why are they used?
chemicals that are either premixed in the pesticide formulation or added to the spray tank to improve mixing, application, or pesticidal performance
Where do you look on a pesticide label to determine what adjuvants to use?
directions for use section
Flowables
F or L
active ingredient is a solid that does not dissolve in either water or oil so it is impregnated on a substance and ground to a very fine powder then suspended in a small amount of liquid.
Pros: Easy to handle
Cons: Subject to spilling and splashing, required agitation abrasive, visual residue
Water Dispersible Granules/Dry Flowables
WDG/DF
small easily measured granules. Once mixed with water they break apart into fine particles similar to WPs. Constant agitation is required.
Water Dispersible Granules/Dry Flowables
WDG/DF
small easily measured granules. Once mixed with water they break apart into fine particles similar to WPs. Constant agitation is required. % of AI is high
Ready to Use Low Concentrate Solutions
RTU
require no dilution before application. Contain a small amount of ai in an organic solvent
Pros: Easy, do not stain, good for structural pest control
Cons: Limited availability, high cost per unit of ai, can harm foligae
Ultra Low Volume
ULV
very concentrated and used as is or in small quantities or farrier.
Pros: easy to handle and require little to agitation, not abrasive,
Cons: easy to over/under dose, specialized application equipment required, difficult to control drift,
Invert Emulsion
water soluble pesticide dispersed in oil
Invert Emulsion
water soluble pesticide dispersed in oil
Pros: reduce drift, improves rain resistance, serves as sticker spreader
Cons: difficult to get thorough coverage
Aerosols
A
Contain a low percent of one or more active ingredients in a solvent
ready to use or in a liquid formulation put into a machine
pros: easy way to fill an enclosed space
cons: inhalation exposure
Dusts
D
ready to use and contain 10% or less active ingredient plus a very inert carrier
Pros: ready to use, require simple equipment, hard to reach places
Cons: easy to move off target, will not stick to surfaces, liquids cause them to clump, irritant, inhalation risk
Granules
G
similar to dust except they are larger and heavier.
Pros: break down gradually, ready to use, weight carrie the, to the soil or water target, less drift
Cons: difficult to apply them uniformly and at proper rate , will not stick to uneven surfaces, sometimes need moisture to release, birds can feed on the,
Pellet
P or PS
similar to granules but all the particles are the same weight and shape
Baits
contains an active ingredient mixed with food or another attractive substance
Paste and Gels
Used for structural pest control
Microencapsulated Formulation
cover liquid or dry pesticide in a plastic coating
Pros:
Microencapsulated Formulation
cover liquid or dry pesticide in a plastic coating
Pros: slow release of ai and less likely to be lost as vapors, poses fewer risk to the skin
Cons: attractive to bees and can break down too slowly
Animal Systemics
Protect animals against blood feeding insects by being absorbed and moved within the animal
Fumigants
a type of pesticide that forms a poisonous gas when applied
Fumigants
a type of pesticide that forms a poisonous gas when applied
Fumigants
a type of pesticide that forms a poisonous gas when applied
Surfactants (wetting agents/spreaders)
help a pesticide spray droplets wet plant foliage and spread out evenly
sticker
increases the adhesion of solid particles (ex: powder suspended in a spray mix) to target surfaces
extenders
retain pesticides on the target surface, slow evaporation, and inhibit degradation
plant penetrants
enhance penetration of some pesticides into plants
compatibility agents
helps products mix well together
buffers or acidifiers
prevent degradation by acidifying and stabilizing the water in the spray tank
drift control additives
improve on target placement of the pesticide spray by increasing the average droplet size
thickeners
increase the viscosity of spray mixes
defaming agents
eliminates or decreases the amount of foam that can form in the spray tank
foaming agents
creates foam to improve the placement of pesticides
