Chapter 21 Flashcards
List factors that determine which application method you will select for a given pest problem
depends on the nature and habits of the target pest, characteristics of the target site, properties of the pesticide, stability of the application equipment, and cost and efficiency of alternative methods
Band application
applying pesticides in parallel strips or bands such as between rows of crops rather than uniformly over an entire field
Basal application
directs herbicides to the lower portion of brush or small trees to control vegetation
Broadcast application
the uniform application of a pesticide to an entire area or field
Crack and crevice application
the placement of small amounts of pesticide into cracks and crevices in buildings such as along baseboards and in cabinets where insects or other pests commonly hide or enter a structure
Directed spray application
targets the pests to minimize pesticide contact with non target plants and animals
foliar application
directs pesticide to left portions of a plant
Rope wick/wiper treatments
release pesticides onto a device that is wiped onto weeds
soil application
place pesticide directly on the soil rather than on a growing plant
soil incorporation
use of tillage, rainfall, or irrigation equipment to move the pesticide into the soil
soil injection
the application of a pesticide under pressure beneath the soil surface
space treatment
the application of a pesticide in an enclosed area
spot treatment
application of a pesticide to small distinct areas
tree injection
application of pesticides under the bark of trees
What do you need to consider when selecting a spray tank?
spray volume, pressure you need, size of area you will be sprayer
What does a sprayer pump do? What is required for proper operation?
supply the needed pressure and volume to the nozzles and agitators
they need to resist corrosion and abrasion and usually can not be operated dry
Three basic functions of sprayer nozzles
control the amount of material applied, formulation of droplets and their size, and distribution and pattern of droplets
How are nozzles classified?
classified on the basis of the spray pattern and the droplet size they produce
why does it matter is spray is coarse or fine?
coarse droplets minimize off target drift while fine droplets obtain maximum surface coverage of the target
What is the resistance to wear of different nozzles?
brass and aluminum - cant be used with abrasive materials
stainless steel/ceramic - wear resistant
Low pressure boom sprayer
designed to apply dilute pesticide mixes over a large area.
sprayers are self propelled or mounted on the back of tractor or truck
pros: light weight, inexpensive, adapt to many uses, can cover large areas quickly
cons: won’t penetrate dense foliage, use of hydraulic agitation causes WP to settle out
high pressure boom sprayer
same as low pressure boom sprayer but can tolerate much higher PSI
Pros: enough pressure to spray through canopies, build to withstand high pressure, long lasting and dependable, mechanical agitation standard
Cons: heavy, expensive, use large amounts water, drift more likely
Hand gun
can be attached to a high pressure sprayer
airblast sprayers
high speed air generated by a fan to deliver pesticide to the target surface. place spray droplets into the air stream.
pros: provide good coverage, penetrate dense foliage, capacity to apply high or low volumes
cons: drift is a major concern
compressed air sprayers
used to apply small quantities of pesticides. Compressed air is usually supplied by a hand pump
includes air sprayers and backpack sprayers
pros: simple, light, can be used in many different situation, spray is easily controlled and direct at the target surface, minimal drift
cons: adapted to covering small areas, no agitation, small tank
Granular applicators used in agriculture
Band applicators - use hoses or tubes to deposit granules in a narrow band
Broadcast applicators - use a system of tubes and deflectors or spinners to spread granules uniformly over a wide area
granular applicators used on turf
rotary spreader - distributes granules to the front and sides of the spreader usually by means of a spinning disk or fan
drop spreader - adjustable sliding gate opens holes in the bottom of the hopper and the granules flow out by gravity
what are different engineering controls and how do they reduce an applicators exposure to pesticides
enclosed cab - surrounds occupant and prevents exposure to pesticides being applied
check valves - prevent spray from dipping out of nozzles after pressure is turned off
multiple nozzle bodies - reduces the risk of changing nozzles during application by allowing you to sit between nozzles by Turing the body rather than having to undo it
tank rinse system - includes a clean water supply tank that rinses the tank in field and can in certain situation be applied to the field
What are other types of application equipment that can be used?
rubs, bait dispensers, foggers chemigation, dusters, aerosol cans
How do you clean sprayers?
clean sprayers at the application site
labels provide direction for cleaning sprayer
fill the spray tank 1/3-1/2 full and run any agitator or flush lines for several minutes
can apply rinsate back onto the field or use at a later date as makeup water for filling a spray tank
Why and how do you clean sprayers and prepare it for storage?
clean inside and outside of the sprayer
touch up all scratched paint
lubricate wheel beatings to prevent rust
remove and clean nozzles and nozzle strainers
seal nozzle outlets with corks or plastic bags
remove and clean filter screens and store them in clean plastic bags
loosely cover the tank
release tension on pressure regulators
winterize the pump
store inside out of the elements
How do you clean granular application equipment?
remove all pesticide from the device clean the inside of the hopper use sandpaper or a Bruch to clean parts coat the inside with oil clean and oil the flow control slides or valves excess oil should be wiped off
