Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the problems pests can cause?

Answer 1

Structural damage: termites eating wood
Property Damage: Clothes moths ruin fabric
Food Concerns: birds eat crops
Health Risks: Mosquitos spread disease
Risks to Environment: Asian longhorn beatle
Reduced Aesthetics: Japanese Beetle
Impaired function of things we use: plants reducing visibility on roads

Question 2

What are the four basic survival needs which bring pests into conflict with people?

Answer 2

Food: insects that eat food in peoples homes
Water: insects searching for water
Shelter: Carpenter ants hollow out wood
Breeding sites: house flies lay eggs in garbage

Question 3

Insect (physical characteristics)

Answer 3

invertebrates with three pairs of jointed legs and three distinct body regions. The head has either a chewing mouthpart, piercing sucking mouthpart, sponging, or siphoning. Also have antennae, legs, and sometimes wings

Question 4

Insects (damage)

Answer 4

piercing sucking insects can spread disease when feeding
eat holes in plants
tunnel into structural wood

Question 5

Insects (reproduction)

Answer 5

Insects have a wide variety of methods of reproduction.
Most insects go through metamorphosis. As the insect growth it molts its exoskeleton. The stage between skeletons is called an instar

Question 6

Insects (spread)

Answer 6

Insects eat differently depending on the stage of life they are in
insects are small and infest many food, animals, and goods
they can spread in various ways especially if they have wings

Question 7

Arachnid

Answer 7

includes spiders, mites, and ticks
have eight legs in the adult stage, have two body regions, no wings or antennae
no metamorphosis or gradual metamorphosis
spiders have chewing mouthparts while mites and ticks have piercing sucking
can transmit disease and feed on agricultural and ornamental plants
ticks and mites spread as animals move or plants are transported

Question 8

Centipedes and Milipedes

Answer 8

Centipedes have chewing mouthparts and poison jaws. they are found under tree bark and rotting logs
Millipedes are adapted to feeding on decaying organic material
exhibit no metamorphosis
pests when they invade structures in search of water or shelter

Question 9

Nematodes

Answer 9

microscopic roundworms
feed on plant roots via sucking mouthpart casing physical damage and spreading disease
can infect livestock and cause problems like heart worm
spread in infested soil, plants, and animals

Question 10

Mollusks

Answer 10

Freshwater and marine animals that can cause damage by their search for shelter. Can attached to boats, clog water intake and spread via boats and water birds
Slugs are terrestrial mollusks that can eat plants especially in greenhouses

Question 11

Rodents

Answer 11

invade homes and food storage eating large amounts
spread human disease
gnawing can cause structural wood damage
spread on foot and via trains/ships

Question 12

Birds

Answer 12

steal food, grain, feed and droppings make a mess and spread pathogens
spread by flight

Question 13

Fish

Answer 13

Can become invasive and outcompete and prey on native fish

native fish can interfere with fishing

Question 14

Weeds

Answer 14

any plant which is growing where it is not wanted such as grass in a flower garden

Includes:
Herbaceous weeds ( do not produce woody tissues and their top growth dies back each year)
Woody plants (always perennial and are spread by seed)
Aquatic plants
Algae (primitive plants)

Question 15

Annual Weed

Answer 15

grow from seed mature and produce seed for the next generation. They die in one year or less

Question 16

Biennial Weed

Answer 16

Two year leaf circle where they grow from seed the first year and produce seeds and die the second year

Question 17

Perennial Weed

Answer 17

Live more than two years. Can produce and develop from seed but can also resprout each year vegetatively

Question 18

Three types of Microrganism

Answer 18

Fungi: molds, mildews, mushrooms can extract nutrients from organic sources and can produce toxins and spores. reproduce via spores

Bacteria: single celled organisms that reproduce by dividing in two. Cause disease and are spread via insects, soil, tools

Viruses: invade a healthy plant through woods or pollination. can be spread by most insects

Question 19

No metamorphosis

Answer 19

egg - young - adult

wingless

Question 20

Gradual Metamorphosis

Answer 20

egg - nymph - adult
nymph resembles a small adult
wings develop in adult stage

Question 21

Complete Metamorphosis

Answer 21

egg - larva- pupa - adult

larva look very different from adult and often have different habitats and diets

Question 22

Where on the pesticide label can you find what time of pest it controls

Answer 22

Generally it is by the product name. Exactly which pests and sites and under the Directions for use section

Question 23

Why are some pesticides only used at certain stages of a pests life?

Answer 23

As pests grow their susceptibility to a pesticide might change. Quite often they are more sensitive when they are younger

Question 24

What to look for on the label when targeting a specific pest?

Answer 24

Make sure that the pest, stage of life and site are listed under the directions for use