Chapter 13 Flashcards
What is the goal of IPM
to prevent pests from reaching economically or aesthetically damaging levels with the least risk to people, property, and the environment.
Why should you use IPM
pesticides rarely work alone pesticides can be ineffective reduces risk can save money promotes a good public image
why is identifying a pest important
misidentification and lack of information about a pest could make you chose the wrong control method or timing and are among the most frequent causes of pest control failure
what is the purpose of monitoring pets
a way of determine whether it is wroth our while to make a more converted effort to manage a pest population
what is economic threshold? what is the purpose?
the pest population density at which control measures are needed to prevent the pest from reach the economic injury level.
use to justify the cost of control in agriculture
what is action threshold? what is the purpose?
the pest level at which control is warranted for reasons other than economics
What factors influence economic threshold?
value of agricultural commodity, stage of development, environmental conditions, cost and effectiveness of control measures, expected yield
what factors influence action threshold?
ecological roles, aesthetic role, health threat
what is economic injury level? what is its relationship to economic threshold?
EIL is the population density that causes losses equal to the cost of control measures. Setting the economic threshold below the EIL ensures that the cost of controlling the pest is less than the cost from damage it would cause
What are natural controls to keep pests in check?
climatic factors, topographic features, natural enemies
What is the process of using natural enemies?
you can modify certain parts of the environment to maintain or enhance natural enemies. when you use pesticides select ones that will have the least impact on natural enemies
mass release of natural enemies
what are the challenges of using natural enemies?
insects that are released usually do not have long term results
laws strictly control the importation of all organisms
What is mechanical pest control? How is it used?
Mechanical control uses devices of machines and other physical methods to control pests or alter their environment
cultivation, exclusion (barriers), trapping
What is cultural pest control? How is it used?
Cultural control alters the environment, the condition of the host plant or site, or the behavior of the pest in order to make the pest less likely to survive
cultural practices (healthy plants, weed management), sanitation (removing weeds, destroying plants, draining standing water)
What is chemical control? How is it used?
chemical pesticides sometimes are the only effective control method available.
What is regulatory control? How is it used?
quarantine and eradication programs directed by governmental agencies prevent the introduction and spread of pests
What are the advantages and disadvantages of chemical pest controls?
pros
effectiveness, reasonable cost, quick halting of pest damage,
cons
health, environment, etc.
Why are how are quarantine and eradications programs implemented?
quarantine - prevent people from transporting pests from infested to uninfected areas.
eradication - the total elimination of a pest form a designated area. often the pest or something under quarantine restrictions
What is prevention? when is it used? Example?
the approach to take when a pest is not a problem and you want it to stay that way. Exclusion and sanitation are critical in preventing pest damage.
select resistance plant varieties, cultural practices
What is suppression? when is it used? Example?
reduce existing pest populations to a tolerable level
goal of most pesticide applications, cultivating weeds, biological control
What is eradication? when is it used? Example?
common approach in small confined areas such as buildings. not frequently used over large areas
What do you need to know and do to implement an IPM program?
coordinate multiple tactics into a single integrated system. evaluate the costs benefits and risk of each management tactic. use several methods whenever possible. observe all regualtions
Why is it important to record and evaluate the results of your pest management efforts
some control methods are slow to yield measurable results. others may be ineffective or even damaging. It is easy to forget what combination worked and which didn’t. keeping records helps you make future decisions.
