Chapter 33 - Animal Diets

Question 1

How do animals acquire the energy and nutrients they need to power their organ systems, grow, and reproduce?

Answer 1

Heterotrophy
- all animals consume organism or parts of them for energy and nutrients

Question 2

What is nutrition?

Answer 2

food being taken in, taken apart, and taken up by cells

Question 3

What are the 3 nutritional needs to complete an adequate diet?

Answer 3

1. Chemical energy
2. organic molecules
3. essential nutrients

Question 4

What is chemical energy?

Answer 4

energy to fuel cellular processes

Question 5

what is catabolism?

Answer 5

animal cells that can liberate that energy by breaking the bonds

Question 6

Liberated chemical energy stores as ATP which is used to what?

Answer 6

power everything such as DNA replication, vision, flight

Question 7

Animals need raw materials for what? and what does that do?

Answer 7

• biosynthesis
• replacing/building new tissue

Question 8

What do organic molecules have?

Answer 8

organic carbon such as sugar
organic nitrogen such as protein

Question 9

what is an anabolic processes?

Answer 9

the ATP that powers this process
**this makes new animal process (breaking apart and reassembling)

Question 10

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 10

anything necessary for the organism to function that cannot be synthesized in the organism itself, and thus must be obtained from the diet

Question 11

List the 4 forms of essential nutrients:

Answer 11

1. amnio acids
2. fatty acids
3. vitamins
4. minerals

Question 12

Unlike plants, what can animals not do?

Answer 12

they cannot make most of the nutrients their bodies need and not capable of some anabolic processes

Question 13

List the characteristics of Amnio Acids

Answer 13

1. all organisms require 20 to make a complete set of proteins
2. plants can get all 20 of these from their roots in which they get nitrogen
3. Animals have enzymes to synthesize 10 of the 20 required, the rest must be required from their diet

Question 14

List the characteristics of Fatty Acids

Answer 14

1. is a requirement to make signaling molecules, cell membranes, and storage fats
2. animals do NOT have the enzymes to synthesize fatty acids with double bonds but plants do
   3.Seeds, beans, peas, and nuts are rich examples of this

Question 15

List the characteristics of Vitamins

Answer 15

1. required in very small amounts
2. every animal is different in their requirements
3. Humans have 13 essential vitamins

Question 16

List the characteristics of Minerals

Answer 16

1. are inorganic molecules such as sulfur, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium
2. required in very small amounts
3. in mineral poor - soils, some grazing animals (like deer) obtain missing nutrients by consuming concentrated sources such as a salt lick