Chapter 30 - Reproduction & Domestication of flowering plants

Question 1

What are flowers?

Answer 1

reproductive shoots of angiosperm sporophytes

Question 2

Formation occurs when ____ __ ___ development switches from a vegetative to a reproductive growth mode.

Answer 2

shoot apical meristem

Question 3

How is the transition to floral meristems triggered?

Answer 3

1. hormones (opportunity for breeding)
2. environmental signals

Question 4

what is a pistil?

Answer 4

Comprised of a single carpel (simple pistil) or multiple fused carpels (compound pistils)

Question 5

Flowers can be _ and what does that entail? (4 things)

Answer 5

complete
they have (organs)
1. sepals
2. petals
3. stamens
4. carpels

Question 6

Flowers can also be __ and they are missing what?

Answer 6

incomplete
missing one or more organs

Question 7

What is a sporophyte?

Answer 7

dominant generation in angiosperms (the plant we see)w

Question 8

what is a gametophye?

Answer 8

reduced generation in angiosperms
microscopic in flower parts

Question 9

What two cells does a male gametophyte have?

Answer 9

1. generative cell - produces sperm
2. tube cell - produce pollen tube

Question 10

What is double fertilization?

Answer 10

when two sperm reach the same female gametophyte (unique to seed plants)

Question 11

List the characteristics of wind pollination

Answer 11

• not showy
• flowers mature in early spring
• inefficient pollination process
  -huge amounts of pollen grainsg

Question 12

give an example of a species who uses wind pollination

Answer 12

oak trees
ragweed

Question 13

List the characteristics of animal pollination

Answer 13

• Coevolution between animal pollinators and some plants
• enhanced flower-pollinator mutualisms

Question 14

List the characteristics of floral adaptations

Answer 14

1. showy (not always but often)
2. nectar and nectar guide
3. scent (not always but often)

Question 15

Pollination is

Answer 15

the transfer of pollen

Question 16

How much of biotic makes up pollination? (% number)

Answer 16

85% of all angiosperms (bugs, birds, mammals

Question 17

how much abiotic makes up abiotic makes up pollination? (% number)

Answer 17

20% of all angiosperms (of this 20% wind is 98% and 2% is the water)

Question 18

List some insect pollinators

Answer 18

mostly visual so showy
1. bees
2. butterflies
3. wasp
4. flies
5. moths

Question 19

List a mammal pollinator

Answer 19

bats (use scents and lighter colors)

Question 20

what does an embryo consist of ?

Answer 20

1. epicotyl
2. hypocotyl
3. radicle

Question 21

What is an epicotyl?

Answer 21

part of the embryonic shoot attached to the cotyledon (upper portion where shoots + leaves grow)

Question 22

what is a hypocotyl?

Answer 22

part of the embryonic shoot attached below the cotyledon

Question 23

What is the radicle?

Answer 23

embryonic root of the plant (grows first)

Question 24

What are the two additional monocot features?

Answer 24

1. coleoptile
2. coleorhiza

Question 25

what is a coleoptile ?

Answer 25

protective sheath through which plant shoots will grow

Question 26

what is coleorhiza?

Answer 26

protective sheath covering radicle/young root