Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 2 > Chapter 28 (28.1) start from pg.10 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 (28.1) start from pg.10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List roots purpose:

A
  1. Anchors plant to the ground
  2. Absorbs water + minerals
  3. Stores carbohydrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a taproot?

A

long, vertical root that anchors plant firmly in soil
not found in all presents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do taproots provide?

A

they allow top heavy plants to grow taller (structural support)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What don’t taproots do?

A

absorb water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do water absorption happen?

A
  1. root tips
  2. lateral roots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do lateral roots have ?

A

Root hairs which are extensions of plant epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fibrous roots?

A

thin, interweaved roots that spread horizontally under soil surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List some characteristics of fibrous roots:

A
  1. the primary root dies off early
  2. still have associated lateral roots and root hairs for water absorption
  3. have dense mats of roots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are prop roots?

A

Aerial, adventitious roots that support tall plants w/ high mass shoots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of a prop root:

A

corn roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are storage roots?

A

a root that stores water and food carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of a storage root:

A

beets
ginseng

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are pneumatophores?

A

Aerial roots specialized for gas exchanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

give an example of pneumatophores:

A

mangrove cotton-gum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are strangling roots?

A

aerial that grow tightly around objects and can kill host trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do strangling roots take advantage of?

A

sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List the characteristics of stems:

A
  1. Lengthen + position shoot
  2. Lift reproductive structures
  3. very limited photosynthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the important stem parts?

A
  1. nodes
  2. internodes
  3. apical/terminal buds
  4. axillary/lateral buds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can axillary buds form?

A
  1. lateral branches
  2. thorns
  3. flowers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If you sliced a plant open, what would the eudicot look like?

A

vascular bundles of stem that are arranged in a ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If you sliced a plant open, what would the monocots look like?

A

vascular bundles scattered throughout ground tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are rhizomes?

A

Horizontal underground stems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are stolons?

A

horizontal shoots that grow along the ground, often called runners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

give an example of stolons

A

strawberry plants or clovers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are tubers?

A

enlarged ends of rhizomes & stolons. still is a stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

where would you find a tuber?

A

yams, potatoes if you don’t eat them fast enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are leaves purpose?

A
  1. main photosynethic organ
  2. primary site of gas exchange
  3. heat disspitation
  4. predator defense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the leaf arrangements (the veins) in monocots and eudicots?

A
  1. Monocots - parallel-grass blade
  2. eudicots-branched
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what pore in a leaf epidermis allows for gas exchange?

A

Stomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Why are stomata’s more common on the bottom(underside) of the leaf?

A
  1. better regulation (guard cells do this)
  2. prevents excess moisture loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is Mesophyll?

A

the ground tissue between upper and lower epidermis that consists of parenchyma cells and its the primary site of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where is the palisade mesophyll?

A

the upper part of the leaf that is tightly packed with elongated cells

33
Q

What is spongy mesophyll?

A

on the lower part of the leaf with loosely arranged cells to allow for ample air space for gas circulation

34
Q

What are tendrils and give an example

A

modified leaves used to attach and climb
green beans

35
Q

what are spines and give an example

A

defensive structures made of modified leaves
cactus

36
Q

List two cool leaf adaptations:

A
  1. storage leaves (bulbs) that store food (onion)
  2. reproductive leaves that produce adventitious plantlets that can disperse and take root (mother of thousands)
37
Q

Why can’t root and shoot systems not survive without the other vascular in plants?

A

Because vascular tissues provide structural support, sun, water, and nutrients

38
Q

Shoots cannot survive without _ and _.

A

water and minerals

39
Q

What is indeterminate growth and give an example

A

the ability of a plant to grow throughout its life
tomato plantW

40
Q

Explain determinate growth

A

where an organ stops growing once it reaches a given size so if a deer ate the leaf, it won’t grow back until next year

41
Q

How do plants maintain indeterminate growth?

A

Through meristems that are constantly dividing with undifferentiated tissues

42
Q

List the two types of meristems?

A

Apical
Lateral

43
Q

What are apical stems key in?

A

the primary growth where shoots and roots elongate

44
Q

Where are apical meristems located?

A
  • axillary buds of shoots
  • tips of roots & shoots in apical buds
  • this allows it to grow long (length)
45
Q

What are lateral meristems key in?

A

2nd growth where plants increase in diameter (width)

46
Q

Where do lateral meristems grown in ?

A

Woody plants

47
Q

What are the types of lateral meristems?

A

Vascular cambium
cork cambium

48
Q

Where is vascular cambium located?

A

Inner

49
Q

What does vascular cambium do?

A

Adds layers of vascular tissue called the secondary xylem & phloem

50
Q

Where is cork cambium located?

A

Outer

51
Q

what does cambium do?

A

Replaces the plant’s epidermis with thicker and tougher periderm

52
Q

What is primary growth produced by and in what plants?

A
  1. apical meristems
  2. herbaceous and woody plants
53
Q

What is secondary growth produced by and in what plants?

A
  1. lateral meristems
  2. woody plants
54
Q

What is a root cap?

A

protective cell layer on tip of root

55
Q

What are the 3 primary growth zones behind the root cap?

A
  1. zone of cell division
  2. zone of cell elongation
  3. zone of cell differentation
56
Q

What is the zone of cell division?

A

includes root apical meristem and its derivatives

57
Q

What is the zone of cell elongation?

A

cells grow in size and push the tip of the root further into the soil

58
Q

What is the zone of cell differentiation?

A

where cells take on specific function (where root hairs start to form)

59
Q

What is the endodermis?

A

innermost layer of the cortex that regulates the passage of substances from the soil into the vascular cyclinder

60
Q

What does the cortex do?

A
  1. stores carbohydrates (sugars)
  2. aids in the transportation of water + minerals from root hairs to vascular cylinder
61
Q

What is stele?

A
  1. Root vascular cylinder consisting of solid core of xylem and phloem
  2. in roots of angiosperms
  3. interior to endodermis
  4. different depending on eudicot or monocot
62
Q

What do steles look like in eudicots?

A
  1. Starlike configuration of xylem with phloem between arms
  2. the stele is contained in root center
63
Q

What do steles look like in monocots?

A

Core of parenchyma cells surrounded by a ring of alternating xylem and phloem tissues

64
Q

What are pericycle?

A

the outermost layer of vascular cylinder that is interior to endodermis
can produce lateral roots

65
Q

What gives rise to lateral roots?

A

the pericycle

66
Q

What does the shoot of an apical meristem do?

A

mass divides cells on the tip of the shoot

67
Q

What do leaf primodia do?

A

give rise to leaves

68
Q

What is apical dominance?

A

restricting of the axillary bud due to proximity to active apical bud

69
Q

Vascular cambium lays down __ to its inside and ___ to its outside

A

2nd xylem
2nd phloem

70
Q

What are vascular rays?

A

Cells extending from vascular cambium into xylem and phloem. F
fluid conducting and support

71
Q

what does cork cambium produce?

A

cork cells that replace the epidermis

72
Q

What consists periderm layers?

A

cork cambium and the tissues it produces are cork

73
Q

What is bark?

A

all tissues exterior to vascular cambrium

74
Q

What is early wood?

A

Xylem (wood) produced in early summer that have thin walled cells maximized for water delivery

75
Q

What is late wood?

A

Xylem (wood) produce in late summer that have thick cells walls for support but moves some water

76
Q

What is Heartwood?

A

older, inner layers of xylem that do no transport xylem sap but provides structural support

77
Q

what is xylem sap?

A

waters and minerals

78
Q

What is sapwood?

A

newer, more outer layers of xylem that do transport water and minerals

79
Q

What does secondary phloem do?

A

transports photosynthates (sugars)

Biology 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions