Chapter 33: Adrenal Drugs Flashcards
Short acting corticosteroids:
- Cortisone: orally only
- Hydrocortisone: orally, IV, IM & topical
Intermediate acting corticosteroids:
- Prednisone: orally only
- Prednisolone: oral, IV, topical
- Methylprednisolone: oral, IV, IM
Long acting corticosteroids:
- Betamethasone: oral, IV, IM
- Dexamethasone: oral, IV, IM, topical
Inhaled corticosteroids
These medications are only good for maintenance and prevention. Not for sudden acute treatment.
- Fluticasone
- Beclomethasone
- Budesonide
- Mometasone
Inhaled bronchodilator
Salmeterol & Albuterol provides immediate relief of symptoms by relaxing smooth muscles of airway
3 groups of Bronchodilators:
- Beta 2 agonists
- Anticholinergics
- Methylxanthines
Provides bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, improved airflow.
Which inhaler is used for quick symptom relief in acute asthmatic attacks?
SABAs like Albuterol
Which inhaler is used for maintenance treatment for asthma or COPD?
LABAs (salmeterol) used w/ inhaled corticosteroid like Budesonide.
Inhaled Anticholinergics
- ipratropium
- tiotropium
Methylxanthines
(Theophylline)
Non inhaled drugs which treats asthma and COPD.
Available oral and IV only .
Theothylline toxic level
Occurs at levels greater than 20 mcg/ml
Glucocorticoids can cause ______ when taken systematically.
Hypokalemia.
Which medication is a mast cell stabilizer?
Cromolyn
Which pulmonary disease is characterized by enlargement of air spaces caused by destruction of the alveolar walls?
Emphysema
Inhaled ipratropium can cause ____.
Dry mouth
Which medication for asthma can suppress bone growth in children?
Corticosteroids
Which drug is a long acting beta agonist (LABA) inhaler?
Salmeterol
Formoterol
How long does it take for ipratropium to have its maximum effect?
1-2 hours
Monteklukast is contraindicated with ______ allergy.
Lactose allergy
Which medication disrupts inflammatory response and used for treatment of asthma?
Montekulast
Adverse effects of albuterol
Tremors
Palpitations
Tachycardia
Which medication used for asthma, is approved for children 1yr + and available for oral use only?
Montelukast
Which thyroid condition causes moon face, acne, increased fat pads and swelling who is taking methylprednisolone?
Cushing’s syndrome
Which drugs prevent inflammation provoked by mast cells?
Corticosteroids
What is the frequency of inhalation of Salmeterol?
Inhale it twice a day, 12 hours apart
Which lab parameter should be monitored while taking theophylline?
Serum level of the drug
Which side effect of a Beta agonist bronchodilator needs to be reported to MD?
Tachycardia
What is the correct way to administer albuterol and Beclomethasone inhalers?
Administer albuterol, wait 5 minutes, then administer beclomethasone
What will be administered first to a patient with history of asthma who is wheezing and is hypoxic?
Beta2 agonist
Taking rifampin with xanthine can cause ____.
theophylline levels are decreased
What action can help improve absorption of tiotropium into the lungs?
Wait 1-2 minutes before inhaling second dose.
What is the use for Zafirlukast (an antileukotriene agent)?
This medication will prevent the inflammation that causes your asthma attack.
All steroid medications can cause these 4 side effects:
- GLUCOSE : increase in serum glucose
- INFECTION: masks the s/sx of infection, can lower your immune system.
- Highly ULCERATIVE: when taken on empty stomach can cause ulcers. advised to take with food, or with antacids
- POROUS BONES: can make bones brittle
