Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR1141 PHARMACOLOGY > Chapter 16: Psychotherapeutic Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 16: Psychotherapeutic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Psychotherapeutic Drugs

A
  • Used in the treatment of emotional and mental disorders
  • Ability to cope with emotions can range from occasional depression or
    anxiety to constant emotional distress
  • When emotions significantly affect an individual’s ability to carry out
    normal daily functions, treatment with a psychotherapeutic drug is a
    possible option.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cause of mental disorders

A

Thought to arise from abnormal levels or imbalance of neurotransmitters
- Dopamine and epinephrine
- Serotonin and histamine
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of psychotherapeutic
drugs

A
  • Anxiolytic drugs
  • Mood-stabilizing drugs
  • Antidepressant drugs
  • Antipsychotic drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Axiolytic Drugs

A
  • Reduce anxiety by reducing overactivity in central nervous system
    (CNS).
  • Benzodiazepines : Depress activity in the brainstem and limbic system.
  • Miscellaneous drug: buspirone (Buspar)
    • Nonsedating and nonhabit forming
    • May have drug interaction with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (serotonin syndrome)
      -Do not administer with MAOIs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • Largest and most commonly prescribed anxiolytic
  • used to treat alcohol withdrawal, insomnia, and muscle spasms and depression

ex: Alprazolam ( Xanax)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam ( Ativan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Benzodiazepine Adverse effects

A
  • Decreased CNS activity, sedation
  • Hypotension
  • Drowsiness, loss of coordination, dizziness, HA
  • N/V, Dry mouth, constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Benzodiazepine Overdose

A
  • dangerous when taken with other sedatives or alcohol
  • FLUMAZENIL (romazicon) is used to reverse benzo effects.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Benzodiazepine Interactions

A
  • Alcohol and CNS depressants can result in additive CNS depression, even death
  • more likely to occur in patients with renal or hepatic compromise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alprazolam
(Xanax)

A
  • Most commonly used as an anxiolytic
  • Indicated for GAD, short term relief of anxiety symptoms, panic disorder and anxiety associated with depression.

Adverse Effects: confusion, ataxia, HA

Interactions: Alcohol, oral contraceptives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diazepam
(Valium)

A
  • Long acting benzo
  • for use of: anxiety relief, management of alcohol withdrawal, preop sedation, skeletal muscle spasms and reversal of status epilepticus.
  • Adverse effects: HA, confusion, slurred speech
  • Interactions: alcohol, oral contraceptives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lorazepam
(Ativan)

A

Treats: anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal.

  • Intermediate - acting Benzo
  • can be given IV push for agitation
  • continuous infusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Misc. Anxiolytic
( Buspirone/ Buspar)

A

Treats: anxiety

  • administered on a scheduled basis
  • lacks sedative properties

Adverse effects: Paradoxical anxiety, blurred vision, HA, nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mood Stabilizing Drugs
( Lithium carbonate and Lithium citrate)

A
  • used to treat bipolar illness
  • other drugs maybe used w/ lithium:
    • benzos
      -antipsychotic drugs
    • antiepileptic drugs
    • dopamine receptor agonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lithium

A
  • Drug choice for the treatment of mania.
  • it is thought to potentiate serotonergic neurotransmission
  • Narrow therapeutic range: acute mania—lithium serum level of 1 to 1.5 mEq/L; maintenance serum levels should range between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L.
  • Levels exceeding 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L begin to produce toxicity, including gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort, tremor, confusion, somnolence, seizures, and possibly death.
  • Keeping the sodium level in the normal range (135 to 145 mEq/L) helps to maintain therapeutic lithium levels.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lithium Adverse effects

A
  • Most serious adverse effect is cardiac dysrhythmia.
  • Other effects: drowsiness, slurred speech, epilepsy-type seizures, choreoathetotic movements (involuntary wavelike movements of the extremities), ataxia (generalized disturbance of muscular coordination), and hypotension
  • Long-term treatment may cause hypothyroidism.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Before administering lithium to a patient, it is most important for
the nurse to assess which laboratory
value?

A

Answer: Sodium

Lithium may become toxic if the
patient has hyponatremia. The sodium level should be assessed in patients receiving lithium therapy to prevent toxicity

17
Q

Antidepressant drugs

A
  • Increases the levels of neurotransmitter concentration in CNS
  • requires at least 6 weeks of therapy
  • higher risk of suicide
    -may require upward titration of dosages
  • used for major depressive disorders
  • other uses: dysthymia, schizo, eating disorders, personality disorders
18
Q

When patients are taking selective SSRIs for the first time for depression, which is most important to monitor for during the first few weeks of therapy?

A

answer: suicidal thoughts

Some studies have indicated a higher risk for suicide during the first few weeks of antidepressant therapy.

19
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressant
(TCA)

A
  • Have been replaced by SSRIs as first line for antidepressants

ex: Amitriptyline (elavil)

mechanism of action: blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters, causing accumulation at the nerve endings.

indications:
- depression
- childhood enuresis
- OCDs, chronic pain
- increased appetite is an effect

Adverse Effects:
- sedation
- impotence
- orthostatic hypotension
- (in older patients: dizzines, postural hypotension, edema, constipation, muscle tremors).

20
Q

5 classes of Antidepressants drugs

A
  1. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
  2. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
  3. Serotonin & Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
  4. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
  5. Atypical Antidepressants
21
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Happens when combine with antidepressants that increase serotonin (esp MAOIs)

Symptoms:
- skin flushing
- hyperthermia
- agitation
- muscle rigidity
- seizures
- altered mental status

22
Q

Sertraline is..

A

An SSRI commonly used for treatment for depression.

Works by inhibiting the re-uptake of serotonin.

Monitor for:
- suicidal ideation
- lithium toxicity

23
Q

Lithium is…

A

A mood stabilizer medication used for treatment of bipolar disorder.

Works by altering ion transport across cell membranes.

Monitor for:
- suicidal ideation
- lithium toxicity

24
Q

Which anxiolytic drug promotes agonistic activity at both the serotonin and dopamine receptors?

A

Buspirone

NUR1141 PHARMACOLOGY (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions