Chapter 3 Exam

Question 1

Chemoinformatics

Answer 1

◦ Applies computer technology, statistics, and mathematics to study molecules
- Examines molecular structure, properties, and activities
◦ Probably the most actively pursued source of drugs by major companies

Question 2

Recombinant DNA technology def

Answer 2

◦ Allows for the production of biological active substances that are in the body
◦ Combines DNA of two or more different organisms
◦ Can treat certain diseases; possibly useful in gene therapy and/or preventive medical therapy

Question 3

Examples of recombinant DNA technology

Answer 3

hep B/insulin/growth hormone

Question 4

local effect

Answer 4

Limited to the area of the body where it is administered

Question 5

systemic effect

Answer 5

Reaches widespread areas of the body

Question 6

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 6

Drug processing of the body

Question 7

absorption

Answer 7

Passage of a substance through a membrane in the bloodstream

Question 8

distribution

Answer 8

movement from the bloodstream into tissues and fluids of the body

Question 9

metabolism

Answer 9

physical and chemical alterations that a substance undergoes in the body

Question 10

excretion

Answer 10

elimination of waste products of drug metabolism from the body

Question 11

cumulative effect

Answer 11

Increased effect of a drug demonstrated when repeated doses accumulate in the body

Question 12

Therapeutic range

Answer 12

Range of drug levels in the body that will give the desired effect without causing serious side effects

Question 13

Other variables affecting drug action

Answer 13

age, weight, gender, psychological state

Question 14

drug interactions

Answer 14

can be desirable or undesirable

Question 15

synergism

Answer 15

drugs work together to produce desired effect

Question 16

Potentiation

Answer 16

drugs oppose each other to increase/prolong effect

Question 17

Antagonism

Answer 17

drugs oppose each other to decrease/cancel effect

Question 18

Dosage

Answer 18

the amount of a drug given for a particular therapeutic or desired effect

Question 19

toxic dose

Answer 19

amount of a drug that will produce harmful side effects or symptoms of poisoning

Question 20

lethal dose

Answer 20

dose that causes death

Question 21

Maintenance dose

Answer 21

Dose required to keep the level of a drug in the blood at a steady state to maintain the desired effect

Question 22

the routes and rates of administration (slowest to fastest)-

Answer 22

Oral route, transdermal, IM, inhalation, IV route

Question 23

2 common routes of administration

Answer 23

Enteral/GI tract route & Parenteral Routes (anything other than GI)

Question 24

Adverse drug reactions

Answer 24

unintended side effects from medications

Question 25

teratogenic

Answer 25

maternal drug administration causes development of physical defects in a fetus

Question 26

Idiosyncrasy

Answer 26

unique, unusual, and unexpected response to a drug

Question 27

Tolerance

Answer 27

decreased response to a drug that develops after repeated doses are given

Question 28

Dependence

Answer 28

acquired need for a drug that may produce psychological or physical symptoms of withdrawal when discontinued

Question 29

preg. drug category A

Answer 29

studies on pregnant women have not demonstrated risk to fetus

Question 30

preg. drug Category B

Answer 30

not performed on pregnant women; animal studies have shown no fetal risk

Question 31

preg drug Category C

Answer 31

conclusive studies have not been performed on animals or pregnant women

Question 32

preg drug Category D

Answer 32

drug studies have revealed adverse risk to fetus

Question 33

preg drug Category X

Answer 33

drug studies have shown teratogenic effects

Question 34

Hypersensitivity

Answer 34

Immune response to a drug may be of varying degrees

Question 35

Signs of allergies

Answer 35

rash or hives

Question 36

Who is more likely to have hypersensitivity?

Answer 36

patients with other known allergies

Question 37

Anaphylactic reaction

Answer 37

Severe, possibly fatal allergic response

Question 38

signs of alaphylactic reaction

Answer 38

Itching, hives, reddened skin, cyanosis, shock, vascular collapse