Chapter 26 Exam Flashcards
COPD
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues
Oxygen Therapy is used….
therapeutically for hypoxia
oxygen therapy decreases what?
Decreases the workload of the heart and respiratory system
oxygen therapy treats what?
• Treats heart and lung diseases and some central nervous system (CNS) conditions with respiratory difficulty or failure
how is oxygen therapy delivered?
•Delivered by endotracheal intubation, nasal cannula, masks, tents or hoods
Bronchodilators act by…
relaxing smooth muscles of the bronchial tree, relieving bronchospasm and decreasing the work of breathing
Bronchodilator Administration-
Can be given orally, parenterally, and by inhalation
MDIs
Metered dose inhalers
DPIs
dry-powder inhalers
SVNs
small volume nebulizers
Sympathomimetics is what type of drug?
adrenergics
sympathomimetics definition…
Potent bronchodilators that increase vital capacity and decrease airway resistance
how do sympathomimetics work?
• adrenergic drug that mimics the action of the SNS; works on the smooth muscle in the lungs to cause relaxation
• (SABA) examples
albuterol (Proair, Proventil, Ventolin)
LABA examples
salmeterol
Anticholinergics are what type of drug?
parasympatholytics
How do anticholinergics work?
- Decrease the chemical that promotes bronchospasm
* Anticholinergics block the PNS and can cause drying of pulmonary secretions
examples of anticholinergics…
ipratropium (Atrovent), tiotropium (Spiriva)
xanthine function…
•Relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways and pulmonary blood vessels
example of xanthines and what is it used for
• theophylline
- is reserved for COPD patients who don’t respond to or can’t take inhaled long-acting bronchodilators
Inhaled corticosteroids
•Preferred drug therapy in long-term prophylactic management of persistent asthma of various severities
examples of inhaled corticosteroids
(SVN aerosol, DPI, MDI) (Advair, Symbicort)
Intranasal corticosteroids examples
Flonase, Nasacort
Intranasal corticosteroids definition
• Increasingly considered first-line therapy for most noninfectious types of rhinitis
what do Intranasal corticosteroids do?
• Reduce congestion, edema, and inflammation
when should Intranasal corticosteroids be started?
• Should be started before symptoms occur
Leukotriene Inhibitors examples
- zafirlukast (Accolate)
* montelukast (Singulair)
Leukotriene Inhibitors function..
- Oral leukotriene receptor antagonists for asthma prophylaxis, prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and treatment of chronic asthma
- Help control inflammatory process of asthma caused by leukotriene production, thus helping to prevent asthma symptoms and acute attacks
Mast Cell Stabilizers examples
cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)
Mucolytics def..
• Decrease hypersecretion and increase thinning of pulmonary secretions
Mucolytics ex..
acetylcysteine
expectorants def
• Increase secretions, reduce viscosity, and help to expel sputum
expectorants ex
guaifenesin
antitussives function
- Prevent coughing in patients not requiring a productive cough
- Most produce cough suppression by acting centrally on the cough center located in the brainstem
• Narcotic antitussive example
codeine, hydrocodone
• Nonnarcotic antitussive example:
dextromethorphan
how do antihistamines function?
- Competitively antagonize the histamine1 receptor sites
- Combat the increased capillary permeability and edema, inflammation, and itch caused by sudden histamine release
- To treat allergy symptoms
First Generation ex of antihistamines…
• diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
2nd generation ex of antihistamines…
• fexofenadine (Allegra) and loratadine (Claritin) selective histamine1 receptor antagonists, less sedation
decongestants def…
• Constrict blood vessels in the respiratory tract, results in shrinkage of swollen mucous membranes and helps to open nasal airway passages
what are decongestants commonly combined with?
antihistamines, analgesics, caffeine, and/or antitussives
ex of decongestants
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) or pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
how long are decongestants used and why?
• Use short-term because of rebound congestion
Nicotine replacement therapy does what?
• Help lessen withdrawal symptoms by slowly lowering the level of nicotine in the body
examples of Nicotine replacement therapy…
Nicorette gum, Commit lozenges, Nicoderm CQ patch, and Nicotrol inhaler and nasal spray
other names for bupropion
Wellbutrin and Zyban
bupropion def…
• Oral antidepressant drug associated with decreases in cravings and lessening of nicotine withdrawal
another name for varenicline
Chantix
vernicline def…
•Oral partial nicotine receptor agonist-antagonist
what is the function of vernicline?
• Alleviates symptoms of nicotine craving and withdrawal through agonist activity while inhibiting the effects of repeated nicotine exposure by its antagonist activity
what does vernicline alleviate?
• Eliminates the pleasurable feelings associated with smoking
