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Pharmacology > Chapter 26 Exam > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

COPD

A

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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2
Q

hypoxia

A

insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues

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3
Q

Oxygen Therapy is used….

A

therapeutically for hypoxia

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4
Q

oxygen therapy decreases what?

A

Decreases the workload of the heart and respiratory system

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5
Q

oxygen therapy treats what?

A

• Treats heart and lung diseases and some central nervous system (CNS) conditions with respiratory difficulty or failure

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6
Q

how is oxygen therapy delivered?

A

•Delivered by endotracheal intubation, nasal cannula, masks, tents or hoods

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7
Q

Bronchodilators act by…

A

relaxing smooth muscles of the bronchial tree, relieving bronchospasm and decreasing the work of breathing

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8
Q

Bronchodilator Administration-

A

Can be given orally, parenterally, and by inhalation

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9
Q

MDIs

A

Metered dose inhalers

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10
Q

DPIs

A

dry-powder inhalers

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11
Q

SVNs

A

small volume nebulizers

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12
Q

Sympathomimetics is what type of drug?

A

adrenergics

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13
Q

sympathomimetics definition…

A

Potent bronchodilators that increase vital capacity and decrease airway resistance

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14
Q

how do sympathomimetics work?

A

• adrenergic drug that mimics the action of the SNS; works on the smooth muscle in the lungs to cause relaxation

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15
Q

• (SABA) examples

A

albuterol (Proair, Proventil, Ventolin)

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16
Q

LABA examples

A

salmeterol

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17
Q

Anticholinergics are what type of drug?

A

parasympatholytics

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18
Q

How do anticholinergics work?

A
  • Decrease the chemical that promotes bronchospasm

* Anticholinergics block the PNS and can cause drying of pulmonary secretions

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19
Q

examples of anticholinergics…

A

ipratropium (Atrovent), tiotropium (Spiriva)

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20
Q

xanthine function…

A

•Relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways and pulmonary blood vessels

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21
Q

example of xanthines and what is it used for

A

• theophylline

- is reserved for COPD patients who don’t respond to or can’t take inhaled long-acting bronchodilators

22
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids

A

•Preferred drug therapy in long-term prophylactic management of persistent asthma of various severities

23
Q

examples of inhaled corticosteroids

A

(SVN aerosol, DPI, MDI) (Advair, Symbicort)

24
Q

Intranasal corticosteroids examples

A

Flonase, Nasacort

25
Q

Intranasal corticosteroids definition

A

• Increasingly considered first-line therapy for most noninfectious types of rhinitis

26
Q

what do Intranasal corticosteroids do?

A

• Reduce congestion, edema, and inflammation

27
Q

when should Intranasal corticosteroids be started?

A

• Should be started before symptoms occur

28
Q

Leukotriene Inhibitors examples

A
  • zafirlukast (Accolate)

* montelukast (Singulair)

29
Q

Leukotriene Inhibitors function..

A
  • Oral leukotriene receptor antagonists for asthma prophylaxis, prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and treatment of chronic asthma
  • Help control inflammatory process of asthma caused by leukotriene production, thus helping to prevent asthma symptoms and acute attacks
30
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers examples

A

cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)

31
Q

Mucolytics def..

A

• Decrease hypersecretion and increase thinning of pulmonary secretions

32
Q

Mucolytics ex..

A

acetylcysteine

33
Q

expectorants def

A

• Increase secretions, reduce viscosity, and help to expel sputum

34
Q

expectorants ex

A

guaifenesin

35
Q

antitussives function

A
  • Prevent coughing in patients not requiring a productive cough
  • Most produce cough suppression by acting centrally on the cough center located in the brainstem
36
Q

• Narcotic antitussive example

A

codeine, hydrocodone

37
Q

• Nonnarcotic antitussive example:

A

dextromethorphan

38
Q

how do antihistamines function?

A
  • Competitively antagonize the histamine1 receptor sites
  • Combat the increased capillary permeability and edema, inflammation, and itch caused by sudden histamine release
  • To treat allergy symptoms
39
Q

First Generation ex of antihistamines…

A

• diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

40
Q

2nd generation ex of antihistamines…

A

• fexofenadine (Allegra) and loratadine (Claritin) selective histamine1 receptor antagonists, less sedation

41
Q

decongestants def…

A

• Constrict blood vessels in the respiratory tract, results in shrinkage of swollen mucous membranes and helps to open nasal airway passages

42
Q

what are decongestants commonly combined with?

A

antihistamines, analgesics, caffeine, and/or antitussives

43
Q

ex of decongestants

A

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) or pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

44
Q

how long are decongestants used and why?

A

• Use short-term because of rebound congestion

45
Q

Nicotine replacement therapy does what?

A

• Help lessen withdrawal symptoms by slowly lowering the level of nicotine in the body

46
Q

examples of Nicotine replacement therapy…

A

Nicorette gum, Commit lozenges, Nicoderm CQ patch, and Nicotrol inhaler and nasal spray

47
Q

other names for bupropion

A

Wellbutrin and Zyban

48
Q

bupropion def…

A

• Oral antidepressant drug associated with decreases in cravings and lessening of nicotine withdrawal

49
Q

another name for varenicline

A

Chantix

50
Q

vernicline def…

A

•Oral partial nicotine receptor agonist-antagonist

51
Q

what is the function of vernicline?

A

• Alleviates symptoms of nicotine craving and withdrawal through agonist activity while inhibiting the effects of repeated nicotine exposure by its antagonist activity

52
Q

what does vernicline alleviate?

A

• Eliminates the pleasurable feelings associated with smoking

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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