Chapter 14 Exam

Question 1

Antineoplastic literal meaning

Answer 1

“against new tissue formation”

Question 2

what do antineoplastics do?

Answer 2

Agents that counteract the development, growth, or spread of malignant cells

Question 3

what do antineoplastics treat?

Answer 3

various types of cancers

Question 4

Chemotherapy

Answer 4

Cytotoxic drugs and drug combinations used for palliative effects or for long-term or complete remissions in early treatment of cancer

Question 5

Palliative

Answer 5

alleviation of symptoms

Question 6

Cytotoxic

Answer 6

destructive to cells

Question 7

what does it mean to have Cells that are proliferating??

Answer 7

reproducing rapidly

Question 8

Immunosuppressive properties

Answer 8

decrease production of WBCs and antibodies and reduce the inflammatory reaction

Question 9

How do antimetabolites work?

Answer 9

interfering with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication

Question 10

what are antimetabolites used in the treatment of?

Answer 10

various malignancies, especially those involving rapidly proliferating neoplasms (new growth), also resistant cases of psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

Question 11

examples of antimetabolites…

Answer 11

methotrexate and fluorouracil (topical –to treat certain skin cancers)

Question 12

what tissues are more sensitive to antimetabolites?

and give examples of these….

Answer 12

 Tissues with a high rate of cellular metabolism are more sensitive to Antimetabolites

EXAMPLES: (neoplasms, hair follicles, buccal/GI lining, fetal cells, & bone marrow)

Question 13

what do Alkylating Agents treat?

Answer 13

 Can treat a wide range of cancers

Question 14

what do Alkylating Agents do?

Answer 14

 Prevent cell growth by damaging DNA needed for reproduction

Question 15

examples of alkylating agents..

Answer 15

cisplatin and cyclophosphamide

Question 16

Cautions and responsibilities for Antineoplastic drugs-

Answer 16

 Medications should be given on time and exactly as prescribed
 Intravenous sites must be checked with great care
 Intravenous fluids containing antineoplastic agents should not be allowed to get on the skin or into the eyes of the patient or administrator
 Antiemetics should be immediately available and administered as prescribed
 Careful and frequent oral hygiene is essential – use swabs for prevention of further ulcers
 Soft foods and cool liquids should be available to the patient as required
 Accurate intake and output is important for adequate assessment of hydration

Question 17

Forms of Radioactive Isotopes…

Answer 17

 Sometimes the radioactive material is injected into the affected site (ex: radiogold) or implanted in the body in the form of capsules, needles, or seeds

Question 18

2 examples of vaccines…

Answer 18

Gardasil and Cervarix

Question 19

Signal Transduction Inhibitors-

Answer 19

 Block specific enzymes and growth factor receptors that signal cancer cell proliferation

Question 20

how are signal transduction inhibitors usually given?

Answer 20

Majority are given by the oral route

Question 21

what do targeted therapies do??

Answer 21

 Block the growth and spread of cancer by interfering with specific molecules involved in tumor growth and progression

Question 22

Herceptin…

Answer 22

when tumor produces excess amounts of a protein called HER2

Question 23

how are MABs administered?

Answer 23

by IV

Question 24

Monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 24

 Exogenous (outside of body) antibodies genetically engineered in the laboratory
 Designed to target only cancer cells, thereby sparing normal tissues

Question 25

Antitumor Antibiotics-

Answer 25

 Can treat a wide variety of malignancies

 Monitor for signs of cardiotoxicity

Question 26

 Examples of antitumor antibiotics…

Answer 26

 doxorubicin (closely monitor patient for IV infiltration), daunorubicin, bleomycin, mitomycin, and others

Question 27

Hormones include:

Answer 27

 Corticosteroids

Question 28

Hormone Modifiers include

Answer 28

antiestrogen & antiandrogen

Question 29

 Antiestrogen

Answer 29

hormonal therapy for metastatic estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer and palliative treatment (ex: tamoxifen)

Question 30

 Antiandrogen

Answer 30

hormonal therapy in the treatment of endometriosis and metastatic prostate cancer (ex: bicalutamide)

Question 31

what are corticosteroids?

Answer 31

used primarily for their suppressant effect on lymphocytes

Question 32

Biological Therapies-

Answer 32

 Designed to repair, stimulate, or enhance cancer patients’ natural immune systems to more effectively recognize and attack cancer cells

Question 33

types of biological therapies…

Answer 33

 Active or direct and passive or indirect

Question 34

what do Colony-Stimulating Factors do?

Answer 34

 Encourage bone marrow stem cells to divide and develop into red and white blood cells and platelets

Question 35

 Neupogen

Answer 35

WBC

Question 36

 erythropoietin

Answer 36

Epogen, Procrit (RBCs)

Question 37

why do oncologists use CSF’s?

Answer 37

can increase the doses of antineoplastics without increasing the risk of infection or the need for transfusions

Question 38

Mitotic Inhibitors-

Answer 38

 Mitosis is the process of cell division and reproduction
 Mitotic inhibitors are often plant alkaloids and other compounds derived from natural products that block mitosis
 Plant alkaloids: vinblastine or vincristine
 Taxanes: paclitaxel (administered by an oncologist-IV)