Chapter 12 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Factors that affect the rate of absorption of topical medication-

A
	Condition and location of the skin
	Heat
	Moisture
	Slow if skin thick and callused
	Rapid if skin is moist, raw, or warm
	Sometimes skin covered to aid absorption & other cases the skin must be left exposed to the air to slow absorption and reduce systemic effects
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2
Q

Antipruritic

A

 Used short term to relieve discomfort from dermatitis (rashes) associated with allergic reactions, poison ivy, hives, and insect bites

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3
Q

Local anesthetics

A

“caines” - benzocaine

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4
Q

Drying agents

A

calamine

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5
Q

Corticosteroids-

A

 Used both topically and systemically to treat dermatological disorders associated with allergic reactions

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6
Q

what type of action to corticosteroids have?

A

anti-inflammatory

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7
Q

where shouldn’t corticosteroids be applied and why?

A

 Shouldn’t be applied to open wounds as it may delay healing

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8
Q

what can happen with prolonged use of corticosteroids?

A

 Hyperglycemia/glycosuria

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9
Q

Emollients and Protectants

A

 Used topically to soothe, soften, protect (via creation of a lipid barrier), and seal out wetness in minor dermatological conditions

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10
Q

examples of emollients and protectants

A

diaper rash, irritation, abrasions, and minor burns

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11
Q

Keratolytic Agents

A

 Used to control conditions of abnormal scaling of the skin, such as dandruff, seborrhea, and psoriasis
 Also used to promote peeling of the skin in conditions such as acne, hard corns, calluses, and common and plantar warts

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12
Q

examples of keratolytic agents

A

salicylic acid (Clearasil, Compound W)

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13
Q

why should you avoid surrounding tissues with keratolytic agents?

A

 Avoid contact with surrounding tissues when applied as a caustic agent to warts, corns, calluses

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14
Q

Enzyme preparations

A

 Bedridden patients are prone to decubitus ulcers (pressure sores) and diabetic patients are prone to develop foot ulcers

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15
Q

 collagenase

A

) is a topical enzyme ointment (enzymatic) used for the chemical debridement (removal of dead or damaged tissue) of dermal ulcers and burns

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16
Q

 What is scabies?

A

 Caused by an itch mite that burrows under the skin

17
Q

 What is pediculosis?

A

 Caused by infestation of lice on the hairs of the scalp, pubic area, and trunk
 lindane

18
Q

 What treatment is used? for scabies or pediculosis?

A

 Laundering or dry cleaning all clothing and bedding, scabicides, and pediculicides

19
Q

Local Anti-Infectives:

A

 Local anti-infectives are used to treat diseases of the skin caused by microorganisms

20
Q

Antifungals-

A

 Useful in the treatment of fungal infections (candidiasis), such as thrush, diaper rash, and vaginitis

21
Q

Effective treatment of antifungals includes…

A

topical administration according to directions on the package insert and good hygiene practices

22
Q

antivirals

A

 Not a cure and does not reduce frequency or delay appearance of new lesions
 Generally decreases duration of viral shedding, duration of pain and itching, and time required for crusting and healing of lesions

23
Q

acyclovir (Zovirax)-

A

has an antiviral effect on herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and varicella zoster viruses

24
Q

what is an example of an antibacterial agent?

A

 mupirocin (Bactroban)

25
Q

what is mupirocin (Bactroban)?

A

an antibiotic ointment or cream that is structurally unrelated to any other topical or systemic antibiotics

26
Q

what is mupirocin used to treat?

A

 Used topically to treat impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus and certain species of Streptococci

 Used to treat secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions

27
Q

 Overuse or extended use of mupirocin can lead to……

A

resistance

28
Q

 Antiseptics

A

substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria. Frequently described as chemicals applied to body tissues, especially the skin.

29
Q

Examples of antiseptics

A

 Hibiclens, Betadine

 chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine, used for surgical scrubs and as bacteriostatic skin cleansers

30
Q

How are burns classified?

A

 Usually classified as first-, second-, or third-degree burns, depending upon their severity and the depth to which tissues have been damaged

31
Q

examples of treatments for burns

A

 Treatments include topical application of medications to prevent or treat infections
 silver sulfadiazine cream (Silvadene)

32
Q

what does SPF mean?

A

the measure of the protection a sunscreen offers

33
Q

what does the actually number of spf mean?

A

 with an SPF value > or = 30 can claim to reduce the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging if used as directed with other skin protection measures

34
Q

 Mild acne may be treated with nonprescription topical medications such as….

A

benzoyl peroxide-

salicylic acid

35
Q

 Severe acne may be treated with a combination of a retinoid and topical antibiotics or oral antibiotic

A

Accutane