Chapter 12 Exam

Question 1

Factors that affect the rate of absorption of topical medication-

Answer 1

	Condition and location of the skin
	Heat
	Moisture
	Slow if skin thick and callused
	Rapid if skin is moist, raw, or warm
	Sometimes skin covered to aid absorption & other cases the skin must be left exposed to the air to slow absorption and reduce systemic effects

Question 2

Antipruritic

Answer 2

 Used short term to relieve discomfort from dermatitis (rashes) associated with allergic reactions, poison ivy, hives, and insect bites

Question 3

Local anesthetics

Answer 3

“caines” - benzocaine

Question 4

Drying agents

Answer 4

calamine

Question 5

Corticosteroids-

Answer 5

 Used both topically and systemically to treat dermatological disorders associated with allergic reactions

Question 6

what type of action to corticosteroids have?

Answer 6

anti-inflammatory

Question 7

where shouldn’t corticosteroids be applied and why?

Answer 7

 Shouldn’t be applied to open wounds as it may delay healing

Question 8

what can happen with prolonged use of corticosteroids?

Answer 8

 Hyperglycemia/glycosuria

Question 9

Emollients and Protectants

Answer 9

 Used topically to soothe, soften, protect (via creation of a lipid barrier), and seal out wetness in minor dermatological conditions

Question 10

examples of emollients and protectants

Answer 10

diaper rash, irritation, abrasions, and minor burns

Question 11

Keratolytic Agents

Answer 11

 Used to control conditions of abnormal scaling of the skin, such as dandruff, seborrhea, and psoriasis
 Also used to promote peeling of the skin in conditions such as acne, hard corns, calluses, and common and plantar warts

Question 12

examples of keratolytic agents

Answer 12

salicylic acid (Clearasil, Compound W)

Question 13

why should you avoid surrounding tissues with keratolytic agents?

Answer 13

 Avoid contact with surrounding tissues when applied as a caustic agent to warts, corns, calluses

Question 14

Enzyme preparations

Answer 14

 Bedridden patients are prone to decubitus ulcers (pressure sores) and diabetic patients are prone to develop foot ulcers

Question 15

 collagenase

Answer 15

) is a topical enzyme ointment (enzymatic) used for the chemical debridement (removal of dead or damaged tissue) of dermal ulcers and burns

Question 16

 What is scabies?

Answer 16

 Caused by an itch mite that burrows under the skin

Question 17

 What is pediculosis?

Answer 17

 Caused by infestation of lice on the hairs of the scalp, pubic area, and trunk
 lindane

Question 18

 What treatment is used? for scabies or pediculosis?

Answer 18

 Laundering or dry cleaning all clothing and bedding, scabicides, and pediculicides

Question 19

Local Anti-Infectives:

Answer 19

 Local anti-infectives are used to treat diseases of the skin caused by microorganisms

Question 20

Antifungals-

Answer 20

 Useful in the treatment of fungal infections (candidiasis), such as thrush, diaper rash, and vaginitis

Question 21

Effective treatment of antifungals includes…

Answer 21

topical administration according to directions on the package insert and good hygiene practices

Question 22

antivirals

Answer 22

 Not a cure and does not reduce frequency or delay appearance of new lesions
 Generally decreases duration of viral shedding, duration of pain and itching, and time required for crusting and healing of lesions

Question 23

acyclovir (Zovirax)-

Answer 23

has an antiviral effect on herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and varicella zoster viruses

Question 24

what is an example of an antibacterial agent?

Answer 24

 mupirocin (Bactroban)

Question 25

what is mupirocin (Bactroban)?

Answer 25

an antibiotic ointment or cream that is structurally unrelated to any other topical or systemic antibiotics

Question 26

what is mupirocin used to treat?

Answer 26

 Used topically to treat impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus and certain species of Streptococci

 Used to treat secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions

Question 27

 Overuse or extended use of mupirocin can lead to……

Answer 27

resistance

Question 28

 Antiseptics

Answer 28

substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria. Frequently described as chemicals applied to body tissues, especially the skin.

Question 29

Examples of antiseptics

Answer 29

 Hibiclens, Betadine

 chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine, used for surgical scrubs and as bacteriostatic skin cleansers

Question 30

How are burns classified?

Answer 30

 Usually classified as first-, second-, or third-degree burns, depending upon their severity and the depth to which tissues have been damaged

Question 31

examples of treatments for burns

Answer 31

 Treatments include topical application of medications to prevent or treat infections
 silver sulfadiazine cream (Silvadene)

Question 32

what does SPF mean?

Answer 32

the measure of the protection a sunscreen offers

Question 33

what does the actually number of spf mean?

Answer 33

 with an SPF value > or = 30 can claim to reduce the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging if used as directed with other skin protection measures

Question 34

 Mild acne may be treated with nonprescription topical medications such as….

Answer 34

benzoyl peroxide-

salicylic acid

Question 35

 Severe acne may be treated with a combination of a retinoid and topical antibiotics or oral antibiotic

Answer 35

Accutane