Chapter 12 Exam Flashcards
Factors that affect the rate of absorption of topical medication-
Condition and location of the skin Heat Moisture Slow if skin thick and callused Rapid if skin is moist, raw, or warm Sometimes skin covered to aid absorption & other cases the skin must be left exposed to the air to slow absorption and reduce systemic effects
Antipruritic
Used short term to relieve discomfort from dermatitis (rashes) associated with allergic reactions, poison ivy, hives, and insect bites
Local anesthetics
“caines” - benzocaine
Drying agents
calamine
Corticosteroids-
Used both topically and systemically to treat dermatological disorders associated with allergic reactions
what type of action to corticosteroids have?
anti-inflammatory
where shouldn’t corticosteroids be applied and why?
Shouldn’t be applied to open wounds as it may delay healing
what can happen with prolonged use of corticosteroids?
Hyperglycemia/glycosuria
Emollients and Protectants
Used topically to soothe, soften, protect (via creation of a lipid barrier), and seal out wetness in minor dermatological conditions
examples of emollients and protectants
diaper rash, irritation, abrasions, and minor burns
Keratolytic Agents
Used to control conditions of abnormal scaling of the skin, such as dandruff, seborrhea, and psoriasis
Also used to promote peeling of the skin in conditions such as acne, hard corns, calluses, and common and plantar warts
examples of keratolytic agents
salicylic acid (Clearasil, Compound W)
why should you avoid surrounding tissues with keratolytic agents?
Avoid contact with surrounding tissues when applied as a caustic agent to warts, corns, calluses
Enzyme preparations
Bedridden patients are prone to decubitus ulcers (pressure sores) and diabetic patients are prone to develop foot ulcers
collagenase
) is a topical enzyme ointment (enzymatic) used for the chemical debridement (removal of dead or damaged tissue) of dermal ulcers and burns