Chapter 12 Exam Flashcards
Factors that affect the rate of absorption of topical medication-
Condition and location of the skin Heat Moisture Slow if skin thick and callused Rapid if skin is moist, raw, or warm Sometimes skin covered to aid absorption & other cases the skin must be left exposed to the air to slow absorption and reduce systemic effects
Antipruritic
Used short term to relieve discomfort from dermatitis (rashes) associated with allergic reactions, poison ivy, hives, and insect bites
Local anesthetics
“caines” - benzocaine
Drying agents
calamine
Corticosteroids-
Used both topically and systemically to treat dermatological disorders associated with allergic reactions
what type of action to corticosteroids have?
anti-inflammatory
where shouldn’t corticosteroids be applied and why?
Shouldn’t be applied to open wounds as it may delay healing
what can happen with prolonged use of corticosteroids?
Hyperglycemia/glycosuria
Emollients and Protectants
Used topically to soothe, soften, protect (via creation of a lipid barrier), and seal out wetness in minor dermatological conditions
examples of emollients and protectants
diaper rash, irritation, abrasions, and minor burns
Keratolytic Agents
Used to control conditions of abnormal scaling of the skin, such as dandruff, seborrhea, and psoriasis
Also used to promote peeling of the skin in conditions such as acne, hard corns, calluses, and common and plantar warts
examples of keratolytic agents
salicylic acid (Clearasil, Compound W)
why should you avoid surrounding tissues with keratolytic agents?
Avoid contact with surrounding tissues when applied as a caustic agent to warts, corns, calluses
Enzyme preparations
Bedridden patients are prone to decubitus ulcers (pressure sores) and diabetic patients are prone to develop foot ulcers
collagenase
) is a topical enzyme ointment (enzymatic) used for the chemical debridement (removal of dead or damaged tissue) of dermal ulcers and burns
What is scabies?
Caused by an itch mite that burrows under the skin
What is pediculosis?
Caused by infestation of lice on the hairs of the scalp, pubic area, and trunk
lindane
What treatment is used? for scabies or pediculosis?
Laundering or dry cleaning all clothing and bedding, scabicides, and pediculicides
Local Anti-Infectives:
Local anti-infectives are used to treat diseases of the skin caused by microorganisms
Antifungals-
Useful in the treatment of fungal infections (candidiasis), such as thrush, diaper rash, and vaginitis
Effective treatment of antifungals includes…
topical administration according to directions on the package insert and good hygiene practices
antivirals
Not a cure and does not reduce frequency or delay appearance of new lesions
Generally decreases duration of viral shedding, duration of pain and itching, and time required for crusting and healing of lesions
acyclovir (Zovirax)-
has an antiviral effect on herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and varicella zoster viruses
what is an example of an antibacterial agent?
mupirocin (Bactroban)
what is mupirocin (Bactroban)?
an antibiotic ointment or cream that is structurally unrelated to any other topical or systemic antibiotics
what is mupirocin used to treat?
Used topically to treat impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus and certain species of Streptococci
Used to treat secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions
Overuse or extended use of mupirocin can lead to……
resistance
Antiseptics
substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria. Frequently described as chemicals applied to body tissues, especially the skin.
Examples of antiseptics
Hibiclens, Betadine
chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine, used for surgical scrubs and as bacteriostatic skin cleansers
How are burns classified?
Usually classified as first-, second-, or third-degree burns, depending upon their severity and the depth to which tissues have been damaged
examples of treatments for burns
Treatments include topical application of medications to prevent or treat infections
silver sulfadiazine cream (Silvadene)
what does SPF mean?
the measure of the protection a sunscreen offers
what does the actually number of spf mean?
with an SPF value > or = 30 can claim to reduce the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging if used as directed with other skin protection measures
Mild acne may be treated with nonprescription topical medications such as….
benzoyl peroxide-
salicylic acid
Severe acne may be treated with a combination of a retinoid and topical antibiotics or oral antibiotic
Accutane
