Chapter 15 Exam

Question 1

Diuretics

Answer 1

Increase urine excretion. Reduce the circulating fluid volume to help treat edema and hypertension.

Question 2

What is the most frequently used kind of diuretic?

Answer 2

Thiazide diuretic

Question 3

what do thiazide diuretics do??

Answer 3

Increasing excretion of water, sodium, chloride, and potassium

Question 4

example of thiazide diuretic…

Answer 4

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 5

what are the uses of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 5

edema from many causes
hypertension
prophylaxis of calculus.

Question 6

Hypokalemia

Answer 6

Potassium deficiency

Question 7

Patient education for diet w/ thiazide diuretics…

Answer 7

potassium rich foods
low sodium diet
limit alcohol consumption
administration with food

Question 8

how do loop diuretics work?

Answer 8

Act directly on the loop of Henle in the kidney to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, which in turn inhibits water reabsorption back into the bloodstream, leading to increased urine formation

Question 9

uses of loop diuretics…

Answer 9

edema associated with renal function, heart failure, or hepatic disease, pulmonary edema, ascites caused by malignancy or cirrhosis, hypertension.

Question 10

Osmotic agents-

Answer 10

used to reduce intracranial or intraocular pressure.

Question 11

when are osmotic agents usually used?

Answer 11

Mostly used in emergency situations that involve cranial or spinal trauma and are used to reduce the risk of nervous system damage from swelling.

Question 12

Diuresis

Answer 12

increased or excessive production of urine

Question 13

Management of Gout includes…

Answer 13

treating acute attacks
uric-acid lowering therapy
preventing recurrence of acute attacks

Question 14

when/in who does acute gout attacks happen?

Answer 14

Occurs mostly at night and in patients who are not well hydrated.

Question 15

Gout

Answer 15

form of arthritis and a metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in various joints, tissues, and sometimes the kidneys which can result in inflammation/pain.

Question 16

NSAIDS purpose

Answer 16

Relieve pain and should be used cautiously in patients with kidney disease, heart disease or risk factors for GI bleeding

Question 17

what can be used in patients who can’t tolerate NSAIDs?

Answer 17

corticosteroids

Question 18

ex of NSAIDs

Answer 18

naproxen, indomethacin, and ibuprofen

Question 19

colchicine purpose

Answer 19

Used to relieve inflammation in acute gouty arthritis and in the chronic managmenet of gout.

Question 20

what is the time frame that colchicine must be given?

Answer 20

Must be given within 24 hours of onset of symptoms

Question 21

how can colchicine be used to prevent future occurences?

Answer 21

Can be used prophylactically at low doses to prevent recurrent attacks.

Question 22

Uricosuric agents

Answer 22

Act on kidneys by blocking reabsorption and thereby promoting urinary excretion of uric acid

Question 23

what type of gout can uricosuric agents treat?

Answer 23

Used in the treatment of chronic gout but is not effective to treat acute gout.

Question 24

Ex of uricosuric agent…

Answer 24

probenecid

Question 25

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors purpose…

Answer 25

Decreased serum and urinary levels of uric acid. Prevention of renal calculi in patients with a history of frequent stone formation and prevention of acute hyperuricemia during radiation of certain tumors.

Question 26

what is excluded from Xanthine oxidase inhibitors treatment….

Answer 26

Not effective in treatment of acute gout.

Question 27

what is the purpose of allopurinol

Answer 27

used to treat chronic gout

Question 28

OAB

Answer 28

Overactive bladder

Question 29

what 2 symptoms are included with OAB?

Answer 29

frequency and urgency

Question 30

how is frequency characterized?

Answer 30

8+ times using the restroom in 24 hours

Question 31

Antispasmodics

Answer 31

Medications used to reduce the strength and frequency of contractions of the urinary bladder and to decrease gastrointestinal motility.

Question 32

tolterodine and oxybutynin

Answer 32

decrease bladder tone and suppress bladder contractions in patients with neurogenic bladder, resulting in decreased incontinence.

Question 33

Cholinergics purpose

Answer 33

Stimulate parasympathetic nerves to bring about contraction of the urinary bladder in cases of nonobstructive urinary retention, usually postoperatively or postpartum

Question 34

cholinergics nickname…

Answer 34

“Pharmacological catherization.”

Question 35

Urinary Analgesics-

Answer 35

local anesthetic for urinary tract mucosa. Used for a short time to relieve burning, pain, discomfort, and urgency associated with bladder inflammation.

Question 36

BPH

Answer 36

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 37

def of BPH

Answer 37

the most common benign tumor in men. Involves hyperplasia leading to prostate enlargement, which interferes with urinary flow.

Question 38

Antiandgrogens

Answer 38

slow prostate growth and associated urinary obstruction and manifestations. Suppressive not curative

Question 39

ex of antiandgrogens

Answer 39

finasteride and dutasteride

Question 40

Alpha-blockers

Answer 40

relax the bladder smooth muscle to make it easier for urine to flow from the bladder through the urethra. Urine flow rate is improved and symptoms of BPH are decreased

Question 41

ex of alpha-blockers

Answer 41

tamsolusin

Question 42

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (PDE)-

Answer 42

approved to treat the signs and symptoms of BPH