Chapter 15 Exam Flashcards
(42 cards)
Diuretics
Increase urine excretion. Reduce the circulating fluid volume to help treat edema and hypertension.
What is the most frequently used kind of diuretic?
Thiazide diuretic
what do thiazide diuretics do??
Increasing excretion of water, sodium, chloride, and potassium
example of thiazide diuretic…
Hydrochlorothiazide
what are the uses of thiazide diuretics?
edema from many causes
hypertension
prophylaxis of calculus.
Hypokalemia
Potassium deficiency
Patient education for diet w/ thiazide diuretics…
potassium rich foods
low sodium diet
limit alcohol consumption
administration with food
how do loop diuretics work?
Act directly on the loop of Henle in the kidney to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, which in turn inhibits water reabsorption back into the bloodstream, leading to increased urine formation
uses of loop diuretics…
edema associated with renal function, heart failure, or hepatic disease, pulmonary edema, ascites caused by malignancy or cirrhosis, hypertension.
Osmotic agents-
used to reduce intracranial or intraocular pressure.
when are osmotic agents usually used?
Mostly used in emergency situations that involve cranial or spinal trauma and are used to reduce the risk of nervous system damage from swelling.
Diuresis
increased or excessive production of urine
Management of Gout includes…
treating acute attacks
uric-acid lowering therapy
preventing recurrence of acute attacks
when/in who does acute gout attacks happen?
Occurs mostly at night and in patients who are not well hydrated.
Gout
form of arthritis and a metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in various joints, tissues, and sometimes the kidneys which can result in inflammation/pain.
NSAIDS purpose
Relieve pain and should be used cautiously in patients with kidney disease, heart disease or risk factors for GI bleeding
what can be used in patients who can’t tolerate NSAIDs?
corticosteroids
ex of NSAIDs
naproxen, indomethacin, and ibuprofen
colchicine purpose
Used to relieve inflammation in acute gouty arthritis and in the chronic managmenet of gout.
what is the time frame that colchicine must be given?
Must be given within 24 hours of onset of symptoms
how can colchicine be used to prevent future occurences?
Can be used prophylactically at low doses to prevent recurrent attacks.
Uricosuric agents
Act on kidneys by blocking reabsorption and thereby promoting urinary excretion of uric acid
what type of gout can uricosuric agents treat?
Used in the treatment of chronic gout but is not effective to treat acute gout.
Ex of uricosuric agent…
probenecid
