Chapter 19 exam Flashcards
Analgesics
relieve pain
3 types of analgesics
opioid, nonopioid, adjuvant
subjective
can be experienced or perceived only by the individual subject
endorphins
activate the body’s opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect.
3 types of opioid analgesics
Natural alkaloids, semisynthetic, and synthetic examples
ex of natural opioid analgesics
morphine and codeine
ex of Semisynthetic opioid analgesics
hydromophone and oxycodone
examples of synthetic opioid analgesics
meperidine (Demerol) and fentanyl (Duragesic)
Tolerance
how well the body handles it. More and more over time.
dependence
the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.
Salicylates indications and high dosage side effects
are most commonly used for their analgesic and antipyretic properties, as well as for their anti-inflammatory action
Coanalgesics def…
combined with opioids for more effective analgesic action
What two drugs are frequently combined with opioids?
NSAIDS & acetaminophen
Antipyretic
used to reduce fever
Action of SRAs
serotonin levels decrease, while vasodilation and inflammation of blood vessels in brain increase as migraine symptoms worsen
what are SRAs effective in treating?
associated nausea and vomiting
sumatriptan is aka what drug?
Imitrex
sumatriptan (Imitrex) def/used for what?
first “triptan” approved; used for the treatment of acute migraine headaches in adults
Sedatives & Hypnotics
Medications used to promote sedation in smaller doses and to promote sleep (hypnotic) in larger doses
Sedative
calm, soothe, or produce sedation
Hypnotic
produce sleep
diphenhydramine is aka as?
(Benadryl, Nytol, Sominex)-
what can happen to older patients who take diphenhydramine?
more prone to side effects, such as confusion, blurred vision, and dizziness
can diphenhydramine be used long term?
¬ None of these meds should be used long-term
BZD example
temazepam (Restoril)
Non-BZDs example
zolpidem (Ambien)
BDZs and non-BZDs are classified as what?
contolled substances
BDZs/non-bzds have what potential for abuse?
lower potential
side effects of BDZs and non-bdzs
daytime sedation, confusion, HA-hangover, sleepwalking and engaging in complex tasks
ramelton is aka what?
Roxerem)
ramelton (roxerem) def…
first FDA-approved prescription medication that acts on melatonin receptor
what does MRA do?
¬ Mimics action of melatonin to trigger sleep onset
abuse potential/dependence of MRA
they are eliminated
is MRA classified as a controlled substance?
NO
how fast do MRAs work?
¬ Works quickly, generally inducing sleep in less than one hour
how should MRA be taken?
¬ Give within 30 minutes of going to bed with a high-fat meal or snack
what should you avoid with MRA?
¬ Don’t use with melatonin due to additional sedative effects
