Chapter 23 Exam Flashcards
Pituitary Hormone
- Internal secretion (hormone) produced by a ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream
- Exerts its affects more slowly and over a longer period of time
Endocrine system drugs
•Natural hormones secreted by ductless glands or synthetic substitutes
Endocrine System Drug Categories
- Pituitary hormones
- Adrenal corticosteroids
- Thyroid agents
- Antidiabetic agents
Hormones-
• Chemical messengers with specialized functions in regulating activities of specific cells or organs
Pituitary Gland location
• Located at the base of the brain
Pituitary Gland function
Regulates the function of the other glands
Somatotropin is called?
HGH: Human growth hormone
Function of corticosteroids
•Act on the immune system to suppress the body’s response to infection or trauma
What kind of agents are corticosteroids?
•Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressant agents
what symptoms do corticosteroids relieve?
• Relieve inflammation, reduce swelling, and suppress symptoms in acute conditions
Conditions treated with corticosteroids include-
- Allergic reactions
- Acute flare-ups of rheumatic or collagen disorders
- Acute flare-ups of severe skin conditions
- Acute respiratory disorders
- Long-term prevention of symptoms in severe persistent asthma or chronic management of COPD
What are the recommendations on how long corticosteroids should be taken?-
should be taken for a short time
How should oral corticosteroids be taken?-
- ointment, eye drops, inhalers
Thyroid Agents
can be natural or synthetic
What does the thyroid regulate?-
• Responsible for regulating the rate of metabolism
What is hypothyroidism?-
• diminished or absent thyroid function
symptoms associated with hypothyroidism…
• cretinism, myxedema, or adult hypothyroidism due to goiter
what does hypothyroidism cause?
slowed metabolism
What synthetic agent is generally preferred for hypothyroidism?-
- levothyroxine-Synthroid
What is hyperthyroidism?
overactive thyroid. occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine
What is Grave’s disease?-
autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism
immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs.
What is thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
Diabetes Mellitus-
is a group of hormonal diseases characterized by impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that results in elevated levels of blood glucose
Why is insulin administered by subcutaneous injection?-
so it is less painful and the body absorbs the insulin slower
Biosynthetic and analog insulins are created using?-
• created using recombinant DNA technology
How do insulins differ?-
• Differ mainly in their onset, peak, and duration of action
What does type 2 diabetes result from?-
characterized by insulin resistance and deficiency
Sulfonylureas consist of….
•Consist of first-generation agents and second generation agents
examples of sulfonylureas
glipizide, glyburide
how do sulfonylureas work?
• Work by increasing insulin production from the pancreas and by improving peripheral insulin activity
example of Biguanides
metformin
how do biguanides work>
• Work by decreasing hepatic glucose production and enhancing insulin uptake in muscle tissue
Incretin therapies def
• Agents that mimic actions of incretin hormones may be beneficial
examples of incretin therapies meds
Byetta, Januvia
Thiazolidinediones example
rosiglitazone
how do Thiazolidinediones work?
lower blood glucose by decreasing insulin resistance and improving sensitivity to insulin in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue
