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Pharmacology > Chapter 23 Exam > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Pituitary Hormone

A
  • Internal secretion (hormone) produced by a ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream
  • Exerts its affects more slowly and over a longer period of time
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2
Q

Endocrine system drugs

A

•Natural hormones secreted by ductless glands or synthetic substitutes

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3
Q

Endocrine System Drug Categories

A
  • Pituitary hormones
  • Adrenal corticosteroids
  • Thyroid agents
  • Antidiabetic agents
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4
Q

Hormones-

A

• Chemical messengers with specialized functions in regulating activities of specific cells or organs

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5
Q

Pituitary Gland location

A

• Located at the base of the brain

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6
Q

Pituitary Gland function

A

Regulates the function of the other glands

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7
Q

Somatotropin is called?

A

HGH: Human growth hormone

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8
Q

Function of corticosteroids

A

•Act on the immune system to suppress the body’s response to infection or trauma

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9
Q

What kind of agents are corticosteroids?

A

•Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressant agents

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10
Q

what symptoms do corticosteroids relieve?

A

• Relieve inflammation, reduce swelling, and suppress symptoms in acute conditions

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11
Q

Conditions treated with corticosteroids include-

A
  • Allergic reactions
  • Acute flare-ups of rheumatic or collagen disorders
  • Acute flare-ups of severe skin conditions
  • Acute respiratory disorders
  • Long-term prevention of symptoms in severe persistent asthma or chronic management of COPD
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12
Q

What are the recommendations on how long corticosteroids should be taken?-

A

should be taken for a short time

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13
Q

How should oral corticosteroids be taken?-

A
  • ointment, eye drops, inhalers
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14
Q

Thyroid Agents

A

can be natural or synthetic

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15
Q

What does the thyroid regulate?-

A

• Responsible for regulating the rate of metabolism

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16
Q

What is hypothyroidism?-

A

• diminished or absent thyroid function

17
Q

symptoms associated with hypothyroidism…

A

• cretinism, myxedema, or adult hypothyroidism due to goiter

18
Q

what does hypothyroidism cause?

A

slowed metabolism

19
Q

What synthetic agent is generally preferred for hypothyroidism?-

A
  • levothyroxine-Synthroid
20
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

overactive thyroid. occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine

21
Q

What is Grave’s disease?-

A

autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism

immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs.

22
Q

What is thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

23
Q

Diabetes Mellitus-

A

is a group of hormonal diseases characterized by impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that results in elevated levels of blood glucose

24
Q

Why is insulin administered by subcutaneous injection?-

A

so it is less painful and the body absorbs the insulin slower

25
Q

Biosynthetic and analog insulins are created using?-

A

• created using recombinant DNA technology

26
Q

How do insulins differ?-

A

• Differ mainly in their onset, peak, and duration of action

27
Q

What does type 2 diabetes result from?-

A

characterized by insulin resistance and deficiency

28
Q

Sulfonylureas consist of….

A

•Consist of first-generation agents and second generation agents

29
Q

examples of sulfonylureas

A

glipizide, glyburide

30
Q

how do sulfonylureas work?

A

• Work by increasing insulin production from the pancreas and by improving peripheral insulin activity

31
Q

example of Biguanides

A

metformin

32
Q

how do biguanides work>

A

• Work by decreasing hepatic glucose production and enhancing insulin uptake in muscle tissue

33
Q

Incretin therapies def

A

• Agents that mimic actions of incretin hormones may be beneficial

34
Q

examples of incretin therapies meds

A

Byetta, Januvia

35
Q

Thiazolidinediones example

A

rosiglitazone

36
Q

how do Thiazolidinediones work?

A

lower blood glucose by decreasing insulin resistance and improving sensitivity to insulin in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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