Chapter 23 Exam

Question 1

Pituitary Hormone

Answer 1

• Internal secretion (hormone) produced by a ductless gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream
• Exerts its affects more slowly and over a longer period of time

Question 2

Endocrine system drugs

Answer 2

•Natural hormones secreted by ductless glands or synthetic substitutes

Question 3

Endocrine System Drug Categories

Answer 3

• Pituitary hormones
• Adrenal corticosteroids
• Thyroid agents
• Antidiabetic agents

Question 4

Hormones-

Answer 4

• Chemical messengers with specialized functions in regulating activities of specific cells or organs

Question 5

Pituitary Gland location

Answer 5

• Located at the base of the brain

Question 6

Pituitary Gland function

Answer 6

Regulates the function of the other glands

Question 7

Somatotropin is called?

Answer 7

HGH: Human growth hormone

Question 8

Function of corticosteroids

Answer 8

•Act on the immune system to suppress the body’s response to infection or trauma

Question 9

What kind of agents are corticosteroids?

Answer 9

•Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressant agents

Question 10

what symptoms do corticosteroids relieve?

Answer 10

• Relieve inflammation, reduce swelling, and suppress symptoms in acute conditions

Question 11

Conditions treated with corticosteroids include-

Answer 11

• Allergic reactions
• Acute flare-ups of rheumatic or collagen disorders
• Acute flare-ups of severe skin conditions
• Acute respiratory disorders
• Long-term prevention of symptoms in severe persistent asthma or chronic management of COPD

Question 12

What are the recommendations on how long corticosteroids should be taken?-

Answer 12

should be taken for a short time

Question 13

How should oral corticosteroids be taken?-

Answer 13

• ointment, eye drops, inhalers

Question 14

Thyroid Agents

Answer 14

can be natural or synthetic

Question 15

What does the thyroid regulate?-

Answer 15

• Responsible for regulating the rate of metabolism

Question 16

What is hypothyroidism?-

Answer 16

• diminished or absent thyroid function

Question 17

symptoms associated with hypothyroidism…

Answer 17

• cretinism, myxedema, or adult hypothyroidism due to goiter

Question 18

what does hypothyroidism cause?

Answer 18

slowed metabolism

Question 19

What synthetic agent is generally preferred for hypothyroidism?-

Answer 19

• levothyroxine-Synthroid

Question 20

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 20

overactive thyroid. occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine

Question 21

What is Grave’s disease?-

Answer 21

autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism

immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs.

Question 22

What is thyroiditis

Answer 22

inflammation of the thyroid gland

Question 23

Diabetes Mellitus-

Answer 23

is a group of hormonal diseases characterized by impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that results in elevated levels of blood glucose

Question 24

Why is insulin administered by subcutaneous injection?-

Answer 24

so it is less painful and the body absorbs the insulin slower

Question 25

Biosynthetic and analog insulins are created using?-

Answer 25

• created using recombinant DNA technology

Question 26

How do insulins differ?-

Answer 26

• Differ mainly in their onset, peak, and duration of action

Question 27

What does type 2 diabetes result from?-

Answer 27

characterized by insulin resistance and deficiency

Question 28

Sulfonylureas consist of....

Answer 28

•Consist of first-generation agents and second generation agents

Question 29

examples of sulfonylureas

Answer 29

glipizide, glyburide

Question 30

how do sulfonylureas work?

Answer 30

• Work by increasing insulin production from the pancreas and by improving peripheral insulin activity

Question 31

example of Biguanides

Answer 31

metformin

Question 32

how do biguanides work>

Answer 32

• Work by decreasing hepatic glucose production and enhancing insulin uptake in muscle tissue

Question 33

Incretin therapies def

Answer 33

• Agents that mimic actions of incretin hormones may be beneficial

Question 34

examples of incretin therapies meds

Answer 34

Byetta, Januvia

Question 35

Thiazolidinediones example

Answer 35

rosiglitazone

Question 36

how do Thiazolidinediones work?

Answer 36

lower blood glucose by decreasing insulin resistance and improving sensitivity to insulin in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue