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Pharmacology > Chapter 20 Exam > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Psychotropic-

A
  • refers to any substance that acts on the mind
  • Psychotropic medications are drugs that can exert a therapeutic effect on a person’s mental processes, emotions, or behavior
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2
Q

Caffeine-

A

Helps fight fatigue and drowsiness - OTC

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3
Q

example of caffeine

A

NoDoz, Vivarin, and caffeine citrate (Cafcit) – treatment of neonatal sleep apnea

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4
Q

Prolonged, high intake of caffeine in any form may …..

A

produce tolerance, habituation, and psychological dependence

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5
Q

what schedule of drugs are Amphetamines/Methylphenidates preparations?

A

Schedule II

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6
Q

what do amphetamines/methylphenidates treat?

A
  • attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children over age six
  • narcolepsy
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7
Q

Describe the abuse of amphetamines/methylphenidates…

A

•High potential for abuse and should be used only under medical supervision for diagnosed medical disorders

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8
Q

example of SNRI

A

•atomoxetine (Strattera)

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9
Q

history of SNRI

A

•First nonstimulant, noncontrolled drug approved for ADHD

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10
Q

SNRI potential for abuse

A

•Does not have a potential for abuse

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11
Q

characterisitcs of SNRI

A
  • has less insomnia
  • less effect on growth
  • has been shown to be safe and effective
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12
Q

Tricyclics - definition

A

• Mechanism of action involves potentiation of norepinephrine and serotonin activity by blocking their reuptake

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13
Q

example of tricylics

A

(amitriptyline-Elavil)

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14
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)-

A

• Mechanism of action involves increasing concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the neuronal synapse by inhibiting the MAO enzyme that degrades or breaks down these neurotransmitters

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15
Q

use of MAOIs today

A

•Rarely used today because of serious side effects & numerous interactions

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16
Q

example of MAOIs

A

•Example: phenelzine (Nardil)

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17
Q

SSRIs

A
  • First-line medications for treatment of depression

* fewer side effects, greater

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18
Q

how do SSRIs work?

A

•Selectively block reabsorption of serotonin, helping to restore the brain’s chemical balance

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19
Q

SSRI is only antiedepressants…

A

recommended for treatment of MDD

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20
Q

ex of SSRIs

A

• Ex: fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, paroxetine

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21
Q

how do SNRIs work?

A

Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

22
Q

examples of SNRIs

A

duloxetine (Cymbalta) & venlafaxine (Effexor)

23
Q

examples of Heterocyclic Antidepressants

A

bupropion-Wellbutrin

24
Q

when is bupropion-wellbutrin used?

A

used in patients with severe depression characterized by extreme fatigue, lethargy, and psychomotor retardation

25
Q

bupropion-wellbutrin helps reduce….

A

relapse rates in persons who are quitting smoking

26
Q

heterocyclic antidepressants def….

A
  • Comparable efficacy to first-generation tricyclic antidepressants
  • Differing effects on dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
27
Q

Antimanic Agents are used for what?

A

Bipolar disorder

28
Q

Bipolar disorder

A
  • Mental illness characterized by severe fluctuations in mood extremes
  • Patients may experience high (mania) and low (depression) mood swings with a diminished capacity for daily functioning
29
Q

Lithium treats…

A
  • mania and prophylaxis of Bipolar disorder

* Mood stabilizer; successful in reducing rates of suicide

30
Q

Anxiolytics/Minor Tranquilizers treat…..

A

• Social anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, and obsessive compulsive behavior

31
Q

what are Benzodiazipines used for?

A

• For short-term treatment of anxiety disorders, some psychosomatic disorders and insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal

32
Q

examples of benzodiazipines…

A

diazepam (Valium), clonazepam (Klonopin), and midazolam (Versed)

33
Q

what benzo is preferred for older adults?

A

• lorazepam (Ativan)

34
Q

Antipsychotic medications are aka

A

• Major Tranquilizers or sometimes called Neuroleptics

35
Q

antipsychotic drugs are used for….

A
  • Relieving symptoms of psychoses including delusion, hallucinations, agitation, and combativeness
  • Relieving nausea and vomiting
36
Q

how to antipsychotic drugs work?

A

•Work primarily by blocking dopamine receptors

37
Q

what do antipsychotic drugs result in?

A

•Results in unbalanced cholinergic activity

38
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics-

A

• Block both serotonin and transiently block dopamine receptors

39
Q

atypical antipsychotics related to adverse effects…

A

• Less potential for adverse effects

40
Q

Drug Abuse-

A

• The use of a drug for other than therapeutic purposes

41
Q

addiction

A

• A combination of tolerance, psychological dependence, physical dependence, and withdrawal syndrome with physiological effects

42
Q

chemical dependency

A

• A condition in which alcohol or drugs have taken control of an individual’s life and affect normal functioning

43
Q

Alcohol-

A

• Classified as a psychotropic drug and a CNS depressant

44
Q

there is an inverse reaction between consumption of wine and…

A

coronary heart disease

45
Q

amphetamines

A

•Can be produced and prescribed legally and they are also produced in illegal labs

46
Q

examples of amphetamines

A

•“Meth” and “Ecstacy”

47
Q

hallucinogens

A

• Produce bizarre mental reactions and distortion of physical senses

48
Q

examples of hallucinogens

A

lysergic acid (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP)

49
Q

Dextromethorphan-

A
  • Semisynthetic morphine derivative

* Safe, effective, nonaddictive, OTC cough suppressant when used appropriately

50
Q

why is dextromethorphan abused by teens?

A

phencyclidine-like euphoric effect

Pharmacology (17 decks)

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