Chapter 20 Exam Flashcards
Psychotropic-
- refers to any substance that acts on the mind
- Psychotropic medications are drugs that can exert a therapeutic effect on a person’s mental processes, emotions, or behavior
Caffeine-
Helps fight fatigue and drowsiness - OTC
example of caffeine
NoDoz, Vivarin, and caffeine citrate (Cafcit) – treatment of neonatal sleep apnea
Prolonged, high intake of caffeine in any form may …..
produce tolerance, habituation, and psychological dependence
what schedule of drugs are Amphetamines/Methylphenidates preparations?
Schedule II
what do amphetamines/methylphenidates treat?
- attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children over age six
- narcolepsy
Describe the abuse of amphetamines/methylphenidates…
•High potential for abuse and should be used only under medical supervision for diagnosed medical disorders
example of SNRI
•atomoxetine (Strattera)
history of SNRI
•First nonstimulant, noncontrolled drug approved for ADHD
SNRI potential for abuse
•Does not have a potential for abuse
characterisitcs of SNRI
- has less insomnia
- less effect on growth
- has been shown to be safe and effective
Tricyclics - definition
• Mechanism of action involves potentiation of norepinephrine and serotonin activity by blocking their reuptake
example of tricylics
(amitriptyline-Elavil)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)-
• Mechanism of action involves increasing concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the neuronal synapse by inhibiting the MAO enzyme that degrades or breaks down these neurotransmitters
use of MAOIs today
•Rarely used today because of serious side effects & numerous interactions
example of MAOIs
•Example: phenelzine (Nardil)
SSRIs
- First-line medications for treatment of depression
* fewer side effects, greater
how do SSRIs work?
•Selectively block reabsorption of serotonin, helping to restore the brain’s chemical balance
SSRI is only antiedepressants…
recommended for treatment of MDD
ex of SSRIs
• Ex: fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, paroxetine
how do SNRIs work?
Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
examples of SNRIs
duloxetine (Cymbalta) & venlafaxine (Effexor)
examples of Heterocyclic Antidepressants
bupropion-Wellbutrin
when is bupropion-wellbutrin used?
used in patients with severe depression characterized by extreme fatigue, lethargy, and psychomotor retardation
bupropion-wellbutrin helps reduce….
relapse rates in persons who are quitting smoking
heterocyclic antidepressants def….
- Comparable efficacy to first-generation tricyclic antidepressants
- Differing effects on dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
Antimanic Agents are used for what?
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder
- Mental illness characterized by severe fluctuations in mood extremes
- Patients may experience high (mania) and low (depression) mood swings with a diminished capacity for daily functioning
Lithium treats…
- mania and prophylaxis of Bipolar disorder
* Mood stabilizer; successful in reducing rates of suicide
Anxiolytics/Minor Tranquilizers treat…..
• Social anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, and obsessive compulsive behavior
what are Benzodiazipines used for?
• For short-term treatment of anxiety disorders, some psychosomatic disorders and insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal
examples of benzodiazipines…
diazepam (Valium), clonazepam (Klonopin), and midazolam (Versed)
what benzo is preferred for older adults?
• lorazepam (Ativan)
Antipsychotic medications are aka
• Major Tranquilizers or sometimes called Neuroleptics
antipsychotic drugs are used for….
- Relieving symptoms of psychoses including delusion, hallucinations, agitation, and combativeness
- Relieving nausea and vomiting
how to antipsychotic drugs work?
•Work primarily by blocking dopamine receptors
what do antipsychotic drugs result in?
•Results in unbalanced cholinergic activity
Atypical Antipsychotics-
• Block both serotonin and transiently block dopamine receptors
atypical antipsychotics related to adverse effects…
• Less potential for adverse effects
Drug Abuse-
• The use of a drug for other than therapeutic purposes
addiction
• A combination of tolerance, psychological dependence, physical dependence, and withdrawal syndrome with physiological effects
chemical dependency
• A condition in which alcohol or drugs have taken control of an individual’s life and affect normal functioning
Alcohol-
• Classified as a psychotropic drug and a CNS depressant
there is an inverse reaction between consumption of wine and…
coronary heart disease
amphetamines
•Can be produced and prescribed legally and they are also produced in illegal labs
examples of amphetamines
•“Meth” and “Ecstacy”
hallucinogens
• Produce bizarre mental reactions and distortion of physical senses
examples of hallucinogens
lysergic acid (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP)
Dextromethorphan-
- Semisynthetic morphine derivative
* Safe, effective, nonaddictive, OTC cough suppressant when used appropriately
why is dextromethorphan abused by teens?
phencyclidine-like euphoric effect
