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AP Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the main reason the earth is habitable?

A

Abundance of water

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2
Q

The water molecule is a ______ molecule

A

polar

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3
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules hold together by hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction of different substances

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5
Q

What are water’s properties that facilitate an environment for life?

A
  • Cohesive behavior
  • Ability to moderate temperature
  • Expansion upon freezing
  • Versatility as a solvent
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6
Q

Surface tension is related to which property of water?

A

Cohesion

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7
Q

Because of its high specific heat capacity, water _______ from ______ and ________ to _________

A
  • absorbs heat from warmer air

- releases stored heat to cooler air

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8
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy of motion

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9
Q

How do atoms and molecules have kinetic energy?

A

Atoms are always moving

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10
Q

Faster moving atoms = more _____

A

kinetic energy

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11
Q

Total kinetic energy due to movement of atoms is _____

A

heat

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12
Q

Because of kinetic energy, head depends partially on _____

A

volume

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13
Q

Coffee has >______ than a pool, but a pool has >_____

A

temperature

heat

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14
Q

Calorie

A

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree

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15
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change temperature by 1 Celsius

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16
Q

Specific heat of water

A

1 cal/g/C

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17
Q

Specific heat can also be described as…

A

How well a substance resists temperature change when absorbing/releasing heat

18
Q

Heat is absorbed when ________, and released when hydrogen bonds _____

A
  • hydrogen bonds break

- hydrogen bonds form

19
Q

Why is specific heat good for life on earth?

A

Minimizes temperature fluctuations to limits that permit life

20
Q

Evaporation

A

Transformation from liquid to gas

21
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

Heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas

22
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

Liquid evaporates, cooling surface

23
Q

Why does ice float in water?

A

Hydrogen bonds are more ordered, making ice less dense

24
Q

Why does ice have less kinetic energy?

A

Atoms more ordered to cause less movement

25
Q

What would happen if ice sank?

A

All bodies of water would eventually freeze solid

26
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of 2+ substances

27
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolving agent of solution

28
Q

Solute

A

Substance that is dissolved

29
Q

Aqueous solution

A

Solution in which water is the solvent

30
Q

Hydration shell

A

Sphere of water molecules around dissolved ions from ionic compounds

31
Q

Why is water a versatile solvent?

A

Its polarity allows it to form hydrogen bonds easily

32
Q

Apart from ionic compounds, water can also dissolve compounds of __________

A

nonionic polar molecules

33
Q

A large polar molecule like protein can dissolve in water if it has what?

A

Ionic and polar regions

34
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Has an affinity for water

35
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Does not have an affinity for water

36
Q

Oil molecules are (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) because…

A

Hydrophobic because they have relatively nonpolar bonds

37
Q

Colloid

A

Stable suspension of fine particles in liquid

38
Q

What do chemical reactions depend on? Therefore, this depends on…

A

Collisions of molecules and therefore on the concentration of solutes in an aqueous solution

39
Q

Molarity

A

Number of moles of solute per liter of solution

40
Q

When hydrogen shifts atoms in hydrogen bond, what happens?

A
  • Hydrogen atom leaves electron behind and transferred only as hydrogen ion
  • Molecule w/ extra proton is hydronium ion
  • Molecule w/ lost proton is hydroxide ion
41
Q

A _____ increases the H+ concentration of a solution, while a _______ reduces the H+ concentration

A
  • acid

- base

42
Q

Buffers

A

Substances that minimize changes in concentration

AP Biology (26 decks)

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