Chapter 2.2 - Properties of Water Flashcards
What are the five properties of water?
- Water is an excellent solvent
- Water has a high specific heat capacity
- Ice floats
- Water has strong cohesion and high surface tension
- Water has strong adhesion
What is hydrophilic?
Dissolves in water
What is hydrophobic?
Does not dissolve in water
What substances are hydrophilic?
- Ionic
- Polar covalent
What substances are hydrophobic?
-Nonpolar covalent
Why are ionic substances soluble?
Poles of H2O molecules separate them into ions
Why are polar covalent substances soluble?
Because of the interactions of poles with water poles
Why are non polar covalent substances non-soluble?
Due to lack of poles
Why is water the universal solvent?
So many substances dissolve in it
What is a solute?
Substance that dissolves in a solvent
Specific heat
Degree in which substance changes temperature in response to a change in heat
What is evaporative cooling?
Water evaporates to take large amount of heat and cool down the object in which it’s on
What are the physical state changes of water in which energy is absorbed?
Solid to liquid, liquid to gas
What are the physical state changes of water in which energy is released
Gas to liquid, liquid to solid
How does absorbed energy change the state of water?
It breaks hydrogen bonds of water molecules
What is heat of fusion?
Energy required to change water from solid to liquid
What is heat of evaporation?
Energy required to change water from liquid to gas
Heat of fusion/evaporation change the ______ in water but not the _______
energy; water temperature
Why does ice float?
Ice is less dense than water
Why is ice less dense than water?
Weak hydrogen bonds between molecules become rigid and form crystal that keeps molecules separated
What would happen if ice didn’t float?
The ice would sink and remain frozen due to insulating protection of water above
If ice didn’t float, it would have an intense effect on _____
bottom feeding organisms
What is cohesion?
Attraction between like substances
Why does cohesion occur in water?
Due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules
Strong cohesion between water molecules = ______
high surface tension
What is adhesion?
Attraction between unlike substances
Why does adhesion occur in water?
Attraction of poles to other polar substances
Why can a wet finger pick up a pin?
Water adheres to skin and pin
What is capillary action?
When water adheres to walls of tubing/absorbent solids to rise up/creep through
