Bio I Evolution 4.1-4.2

Question 1

Fitness is…

Answer 1

The ability to survive and reproduce in specific environment

Question 2

What is struggle for existence?

Answer 2

Members of species compete against each other for resources

Question 3

What is a cladogram

Answer 3

Branching diagram which shows relationship between species

Question 4

What are the 4 sources of evidence for evolution?

Answer 4

1. Fossil record
2. Geographic distribution of organisms
3. Comparative anatomy
4. Biochemistry

Question 5

Why can’t fossil records be fully reliable?

Answer 5

Don’t have fossils for everything

Question 6

What does fossil record show?

Answer 6

How earth has changed over time

Question 7

What is the study of an organism before birth?

Answer 7

Embryology

Question 8

Homologous structures have…

Answer 8

Same structure, different function

Question 9

Analogous structures have…

Answer 9

Different structure, same functions

Question 10

An insect wing and a bird wing are…

Answer 10

Analogous structures

Question 11

A bat wing and a human arm are…

Answer 11

Homologous structures

Question 12

What are vestigial structures?

Answer 12

Structures that serve no useful function

Question 13

How do vestigial structures provide evolution evidence?

Answer 13

They were once used in a common ancester

Question 14

What is biochemistry?

Answer 14

Comparing proteins in different organisms

Question 15

What is comparing proteins in different organisms?

Answer 15

Biochemistry

Question 16

Organization of classification in taxonomy…

Answer 16

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 17

What is a gene pool?

Answer 17

All genes present in a population

Question 18

What are the three main sources of variation?

Answer 18

Mutations, genetic recombination in sexual reproduction, and lateral gene transfer in asexual reproduction

Question 19

What is the original source of genetic variation?

Answer 19

Mutations

Question 20

Why does genetic recombination occur?

Answer 20

Crossing over during meiosis
Random fertilization
Two parents

Question 21

What three things affect genetic variation?

Answer 21

1. Genetic drift
2. Gene flow
3. Natural selection

Question 22

Bottle neck effect

Answer 22

Natural disaster changes population gene pool

Question 23

Founder effect

Answer 23

New population established results in loss of genetic variation

Question 24

What is gene flow?

Answer 24

Migration of individuals between populations

Question 25

Speciation?

Answer 25

Formation of a new species

Question 26

What are the three types of isolation mechanisms?

Answer 26

1. Behavioral
2. Geographical
3. Temporal

Question 27

List and explain the types of selection (think bell graph)

Answer 27

• directional: one of the extremes selected for, other against
• stabilizing: middle trait selected for
• disruptive selection: extremes selected for, middle against

Question 28

Darwin’s 6 theories for evolution by natural selection:

Answer 28

1. Struggle for existence
2. Variation and adaptation
3. Survival of the fittest
4. Fitness
5. Adaptation
6. Common descent