Chapter 3 + 4 (review of the basics) Flashcards
What is the biological medium on Earth?
water
In terms of polarity, is water polar or non-polar?
polar because it allows for dissociation, associated, and dissolving of compounds and molecules
The water coating is called the
The water costing is called the hydration shell
What does it mean when a substance is hydrophilic?
the substance likes water, is able to dissolve
What does it mean when a substance is hydrophobic?
the substance doesn’t like water, stubborn in forming bonds with water
Water in its pure state is when _____ = ______
water in its pure stage is when acids = bases
H20 - - - H20 —>
H3O+ + OH-
What is an acid?
an acid is a proton doner, it increases the concentration H+ in a solution by losing their protons
What is a base?
a base is a proton acceptor, it decreases the concentration of H+ in a solution by accepting the protons
Each pH unit represents a _____ in concentration.
each pH unit represents a 10 fold shift in concentration, for example: pH3 to pH6 means ph3 is 1000 times more acidic than pH6
What are buffers?
buffers are substance that minimize the concentrations of protons and hydroxide in a concentration aka minimize the shift in pH
Carbon’s most frequent bonding partners are
oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
What are hydrocarbons?
hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon
The purpose of hydrocarbons is to _______ and _______
The purpose of hydrocarbons is to build structures of molecules and retain/release energy
What are isomers?
isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and proteins
