Chapter 2 (Review of the basics)

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

an element is a pure substance that can’t be broken down further

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

a compound consists of two or more covalently bonded elements that are DIFFERENT

Question 4

What is a molecule?

Answer 4

a molecule are ANY two or more elements covalently bonded together

Question 5

What are the elements of life?

Answer 5

C - carbon
H - hydrogen 
N - nitrogen
O - oxygen 
P - phosphorus
S - sulfur

Question 6

What is potential energy based on in elements?

Answer 6

the location of electrons, how far or close the electron is from the nucleus

Question 7

What determines the chemical behavior of an atom?

Answer 7

the valence electrons determine the chemical behavior of an atom since they are all trying to get to 8 electrons in the outer shell somehow

Question 8

What is are covalent bonds?

Answer 8

bonds that share electrons

Question 9

What are the types of covalent bonds?

Answer 9

non-polar covalent and polar-covalent

Question 10

What is a non-polar covalent bond?

Answer 10

where electrons are equally shared, leaving little to no room for other elements/molecules to bond

Question 11

Can a compound be a molecule?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Can a molecule be a compound?

Answer 12

no, compounds have to have different elements

Question 13

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 13

where electrons are not equally shared, giving opportunity for other electrons to come into the outer shell

Question 14

What is electronegativity?

Answer 14

electronegativity is an atom’s attraction towards an electron in a bond

Question 15

What kinds of charges do polar covalent bonds result in?

Answer 15

polar covalent bonds result in partial charges (in water, oxygen is partially negative and the hydrogens are partially positive)

Question 16

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 16

when the transfer of an electron is made

Question 17

What is an atom called when it loses an electron and becomes more positive?

Answer 17

cation

Question 18

What is an atom called when it gains an electron and becomes more negative?

Answer 18

anion

Question 19

Hydrogen bonds are created/used for…

Answer 19

hydrogen bonds are created/used for polar molecules in covalent bonds

Question 20

A characteristic of hydrogen bonds is that they are…

Answer 20

a characteristic of hydrogen bonds is that they are reversible, they can be pulled apart and put back together

Question 21

Hydrogen molecules help molecules ___ because they _____ folding

Answer 21

hydrogen molecules help molecules adhere because they reinforce folding

Question 22

Hydrogen bonds reinforce molecular ____ because there is a _____ attraction with a big amount of ____ hydrogen bonds.

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonds reinforce molecular shape because there is a strong attraction with a big amount of weak hydrogen bonds,