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Patient Care > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Constant abuse of the spine from moving and lifting patients is the leading cause of injury to health care personnel in all health care institutions.

A

Body mechanics

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2
Q

Center gravity/To prevent lower back injury

A

Always keep the center of gravity
Knees flexed
Weight over both feet
Do not bend @ the waist or wrist with the body

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3
Q

Rules of body mechanics

A

Based on laws of gravity

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4
Q

Force pull object toward center of earth

A

Gravity

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5
Q

Center of gravity

A

Point @ mass of any body is centered

Pt standing to center gravity @ pelvis center

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6
Q

Body is in alignment with all the parts in balance
Aids in other body systems to work efficiently

Knees slightly bent – act as shock absorbers

A

Good posture

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7
Q

Safe body mechanics

A

Require good posture

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8
Q

Lifting pt

A

Stand with feet apart to increase base of support

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9
Q

Rules for correct upright posture

A

Stand w/feet // right angle to lower legs 4-8”

Chest up and out to allow the lungs to work at maximal efficiency

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10
Q

Force of friction

A

opposes movement

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11
Q

When moving & lifting object

A

Force of weight & friction must overcome
Keep heaviest part of object closer to body
Bend knees & lower body
Do not bend from waist

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12
Q

Moving & transferring pt

A

If patient is unable to assist, have patient place arms across their chest
Pull rather than push
Sliding board or pull sheet placed under an immobile patient aids in movement

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13
Q

Avoid injury when moving heavy object

A

Keep body’s line of balance closet to center of the load

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14
Q

Which is a the strongest arm muscles and effective for pulling

A

Bicep muscles

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15
Q

Joint Commission states

A

“immobilizers should be used only after less restrictive measures have been attempted and have proved ineffective in protecting the patient”

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16
Q

Types of Immobilizers

A 
Limb holders or four-point restraints
Ankle or wrist immobilizers
Immobilizing vest 
Keeps patient in a wheelchair
Waist immobilizer
Keeps patient safe on examining table or in a bed
Patient is able to change positions
17
Q

Immobilizers

A

“Restraints”

Method of physical or mechanical device or material attached to pt cannot remove easily

18
Q

Skin breakdown

A

result in a decubitus ulcer

19
Q

What causes tissue necrosis?

A

Immobilizing a patient in one position for an extended period of time
Moving a patient too quickly or without adequate protection can damage skin

20
Q

Friction caused by

A

movement back and forth on a rough or uneven surface

Lying on a damp sheet or wet gown can damage skin

21
Q

To Prevent Decubitus Ulcers

A

Areas most susceptible
Scapula, sacrum, trochanters, knees, heels of the feet
Change position often
Place pillow or soft blanket under patient
Protect patient’s feet and lower legs during a position change or transfer
Care to prevent bruising while moving patient is necessary
Watch circulation impairment

22
Q

Made of plaster, fiberglass, plastic or cast-tape material
Depends on injury
Length of time for immobilization
Physician’s preference
Careful of cast compression
Caution when moving a patient with a cast

A

Cast Care & Traction

23
Q

Lying on the right/left side with both knees flexed

A

Lateral recumbent position

24
Q

Pt semi-sits with head raised @ 45-90 angle

Used for respiratory distress

A

High Fowler position

25
Q

Pt head is raised @ 15-30 degree angle

Used to prevent circulatory impairment

A

Semi-Fowler position

26
Q

Lies on either left or right side with forward arm flexed & post. arm extended behind the body.
Top knee sharply bent
Bottom knee slightly bent
BE exam

A

Sims position

27
Q

Table/bed is inclined

Pt head is lower than feet

A

Trendelenburg position

28
Q

Walking or able to walk

A

Ambulatory

29
Q

Decrease in the size of the organ, tissue or muscle

A

Atrophy

30
Q

A pressure sore or ulcer

A

Decubitus ulcer

31
Q

Labored or difficult breathing

A

Dyspnea

32
Q

Deficiency of blood in a body part due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

A

Ischemia

33
Q

Localized death of tissue due to injury

Lack of oxygen

A

Tissue necrosis

34
Q

Area of tissue necrosis that penetrates below the epidermis

Excavation of the surface of any body organ

A

Ulceration

Patient Care (19 decks)

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