Chapter 10 Flashcards
Who is the Pediatric Patient?
Infancy to 15 years of age Neonates Infants Toddlers Preschoolers School age
Pediatric @ FH
up to 17 yrs
Not fearful of strangers
Birth to 6 months
Fear of strangers initially; toddler clinging to parent
6 months to 3 years
Increase verbal activity; period of fantasy play
3 to 6 years
Period of cognitive growth; cause and effect
6 to 12 years
Age of identity; heighten awareness of body
12 to 19 years
Infants (Birth – 1 year)
Familiar position Holding infant (similar to parents) Steady, soothing voice Avoid loud stimuli Separation anxiety (8 months) Develop memories, ideas & feelings White coat syndrome (fear of doctor/association)
Toddler (1 to 3 years)
Cannot understand more than 1 word for something
Concerned only with what you are going to do to them at the moment
Separation from parents
Do not like to be immobilized (held)
White coat syndrome
Preschoolers (3 to 5 years)
Not able to reason logically Does not understand cause & effect Favorite question – “Why” Must see or hear something to understand Touch equipment (make them feel comfortable) Must be actively involved Short attention span Will not hold still for long
School Age Children ( 5 to 10 years)
Think logically and analyze situation (7 years)
Develop fears
Injury, disease, death, separation from loved ones
Accommodating and eager to please (like to know what going to do)
Great age for beginners
Want to perform task correctly
Maintain privacy
Modest and embarrass easily
Adolescent or Older Child
Often expected to act like an adult
“Image is Everything”
Need clear expectations
Distracting conversation
Respect privacy and right to make choices (allow them to make a choices)
Pregnancy question (how you should assess)
Assess maturity to determine how to ask question
Prepare for Waiting / Imaging Room
Age appropriate toys & activities for children while waiting
Prepare imaging room ahead of time
Tube / image receptor
Accessory devices
Afraid of the dark – dim lights ahead of time (turn on the light before arrive-get everything ready)
Approach the kids
Make a suggestion rather than asking a yes or no question
Gives them the opportunity to say No
Give them an option
Same outcome
Employ distraction techniques
Chatter
Continuing to build a rapport with the child
Answer all questions honestly
All ages respond in a positive manner to honesty and friendliness
What is a greatest danger of Premature Infant?
Hypothermia
Hypothermia
Sources of heat loss are greater
Greater surface area than body mass
Not capable of storing fat needed for warmth (cap on head need to remove
Imaging premature infant
Need Surgical scrub/gown on/gloves 20 munities Consult with nurse in charge of patient Perform in isolette Prevent skin from touching IR Shielding
Procedures performed within the department
Elevate room temperature about 20-30 minutes prior to arrival (warmer)
Prepare room prior to removing infant from isolette
Use heat lamps or warming blankets
Isolation precautions
Minimal handling
b/c Heart rate becomes irregular
Protection from unnecessary radiation
Collimation (make it fix, adjust to fix the child to hold safety) and shielding
Proper centering and selection of exposure factors (not too light or dark, use to correct one)
Avoid repeats
Employ effective immobilization techniques
Method of transporting patient
Child size & nature of illness or injury (not falling)
Safety Precautions
Routinely inspect all immobilization equipment to ensure they are working properly (practice before bring the child in)
Children should be supervised at all times
Immobilization
Used only when necessary
Should not cause injury to patient or compromise images
Several methods
Sheet
Commercial immobilizers
Assistant (parents)
Explain to the patient/parent about the use of an immobilizer before applying
Sheet Immobilizers
Effective
Easily formed into any size or fashion needed
Pigg-O-Stat (rule require)
Great for upright positioning for chest and abdominal exams
Up to 2-3 years of age (look for the child & depends on their fix or not)
Requires a complete explanation to parent
Tam-em board, baby board, infantainer
Chest and Abdominal imaging
Velcro straps to hold in place
Sandbags
Outer covering – strong canvas type
Coarse sand
Pliable
Stockinette & ace bandages
Arms and legs
Different sizes depending on child
Compression band, head clamp
Prevent movement of entire body
Restricts movement of head
Suspected Child Abuse is called
nonaccidental trauma
Battered Child Syndrome
Our duty to report suspected cases of abuse or neglect
Consult the radiologist or attending physician
