Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is Cystography?
Radiographic imaging of the urinary bladder
Utilizes fluoroscopy and radiography to visualize the bladder as it fills and empties
Pathological changes
tumors inside or outside the bladder, trauma or vesicoureteral reflux
Abnormal backflow of urine into the ureters
Cystourethrography
bladder and urethra
Voiding cystourethrography
Urethra is visualized while patient voids upon removal of catheter
Voiding cystography
Patient’s ability to empty bladder is determined
Bladder is filled with contrast of
Adult patient: 200 to 300 mL
Pediatric patient: 50 to 100 mL
What is Retrograde Pyelography (RP)
Radiographic technique performed to visualize the proximal ureters and kidneys after the administration of iodinated contrast
Retrograde Pyelography (RP) uses to access
ureters for obstruction: stricture, tumor, stone, scarring or other pathological process
Renal function is not examined
Negative contrast is
Carbon dioxide
Air
Positive contrast is
Barium
Iodine
Most frequently chosen contrast for radiography of the GI tract is
Barium Sulfate
Double contrast allow
Small lesions to be detected
When perforation of the GI tract is suspected a water-soluble iodinated contrast is used
Gastrografin
Sonography & NM studies must be scheduled
Prior to contrast studies.
Iodinated contrast studies must be performed
prior to barium studies
Barium is more dense than iodine
When a patient is scheduled for a lower and upper GI procedure, the lower GI procedure should be
scheduled first
Barium clears quickly from the lower bowel
Newborn to 2 years of age
No preparation is necessary
Up to the age of 10 years
Low residue meal the evening before
Adult patient
NPO after midnight the day of the examination
Amount of barium needed for a single-contrast study is generally
1500 mL
Patient with Intestinal Stoma
Stoma allows contents of the bowel to be eliminated
Created by bringing a loop of bowel to the skin surface of the abdomen
Diseases treated in Intestinal Stoma
Cancer
Diverticulitis
Ulcerative colitis
Traumatic injuries
Opening is from the colon
colostomy
Opening is from the ileum
ileostomy
Two openings
one located toward the rectum and the other toward the small bowel One opening (proximal stoma) emits fecal material Second opening (distal stoma) relatively nonfunctioning and emits only mucus
Studies of the Upper GI & Small Bowel
Performed to diagnose pathological conditions of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum and small intestine
Adult Prepare for Upper GI & Small Bowel
NPO for 8 hours before examination
No smoking or chewing gum
Increases gastric secretions – dilutes contrast
Infants – Prepare for Upper GI & Small Bowel
NPO for 3 to 4 hours
1 years old-Prepare for Upper GI & Small Bowel
NPO for 4 to 6 hours
Older the child Prepare for Upper GI & Small Bowel
the longer it takes for the stomach to empty
What position for Women Pap Smear
Lithotomy position
