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Patient Care > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a drug?

A

Any chemical substance that produces a biologic response in a living system

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2
Q

Drug are

A

Chemical substances that are NOT required for normal maintenance of body function.
Aid in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease

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3
Q

After a drug has been administered it is called

A

Medication

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4
Q

Pharmacology

A

The science concerned with the origin, nature, effects and uses of drugs.
The study of drug actions and drug interactions with living organisms.

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5
Q

Classified system of drug names

A

Chemical Name
Generic Name
Trade Name

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6
Q

Chemical Name

A

Identifies the actual chemical structure of the drug
Often complex
Not important to the technologist

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7
Q

Generic name

A 
Name given to the drug before its official approval for use
One generic name for each drug
Simpler name
Derived from chemical name
Never capitalized
Usually best known by
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8
Q

Brand Name

A

Name given to a drug manufactured by a specific company
Short & easy to remember
Name may or may not reflect chemical structure of the drug

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9
Q

Trademark is

A

Brand name, trade name or proprietary name

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10
Q

Chemical sample

A

2-diphenylmethoxy-N,N-dimethyle-thylamine

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11
Q

Generic Sample

A

Diphenhydramine

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12
Q

Brand sample

A

Benadryl

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13
Q

Classification -Drug Action

A 
Function
Drug families
Similar chemical actions are group 
Analgesics
Antiinflammatories
Not totally reliable
One drug may have several different physiologic effects on the body
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14
Q

Drug Forms

A

The manner in which the chemical agent is transported into the human body
Single drug available in different forms to facilitate delivery and action under a variety of conditions

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15
Q

Drug form samples

A 
Tablet
Capsule
Inhalant
Suppository
Solution
Suspension
Transdermal patches
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16
Q

4 Routs of drug

A

Oral
Topical
Sublingual
Parenteral

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17
Q

Oral rout

A

Most common
Patient must be conscious
Absorption time is longer

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18
Q

Topical rout

A

Directly onto skin
Absorbed into bloodstream
Transdermal patch

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19
Q

Sublingual rout

A

Under the tongue and not swallowed

Rapid absorption for immediate onset

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20
Q

Parenteral rout

A

Administered by injection or by a route other than the GI tract
Common routes

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21
Q

Relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness

A

Analgesics

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22
Q

2 groups of Analgesics

A

Nonnarcotic (nonopioids)

Narcotic (opioids)

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23
Q

Nonnarcotic (nonopioids)

A

Mild to moderate pain

Acetaminophen (Tylenol), Motrin, Advil

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24
Q

Narcotic (opioids)

A

Moderate to severe pain

morphine, oxycodone, demerol

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25
Q

Act on the CNS to produce a loss of sensation

A

Anesthetics

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26
Q

2 types of Anesthetics

A

General anesthetics

Local anesthetics

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27
Q

General anesthetics

A

Produce muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness – surgical procedures
propofol (Diprivan)

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28
Q

Local anesthetics

A

Block nerve conduction from an area of the body to the CNS

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29
Q

Antianxiety

A

Used in the treatment of anxiety
Act on the CNS to calm or relax the anxious patient
diazepam (Valium); lorazepam (Ativan)

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30
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Inhibit clotting of the blood or increase the coagulation time
Use primarily to prevent or treat thromboembolic disorders
Heparin (IV)
Coumadin (Oral)

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31
Q

Interventional procedures

A

Monitor closely for hemorrhage

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32
Q

Used to treat Type 2 diabetes
metformin (Glucophage)
IVP exam

A

Antidiabetic

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33
Q

Prevents and treats nausea & vomiting
Before onset of symptoms
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
ondansetromn (Zofran)

A

Antiemetic

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34
Q

Treat allergic disorders; upper respiratory tract infections & the common cold

A

Antihistamine

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35
Q

2 groups of Antihistamine

A

Sedating antihistamines

Nonsedating antihistamines

36
Q

Sedating antihistamines

A

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

37
Q

Nonsedating antihistamines

A

loratadine (Claritin)

38
Q

Increase the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys
CHF patients
furosemide (Lasix)

A

Diuretic

39
Q

Causes blood vessels to constrict
Increasing heart action & BP
norephinephrine (Levophed)

A

Vasoconstrictor

40
Q

Causes blood vessels to dilate

nitroglycerin

A

Vasodilator

41
Q

Contrast Media

A

30% of all imaging examinations involve the use of contrast media in order to visualize a body part or system

42
Q

Contrast media is classified as

A

Drug

43
Q

Contrast media is absorbed

A

Into the systemic circulation and may produce a physiologic response

44
Q

3 Routes of administration

A

IV or intravenous
Oral
Rectal

45
Q

IV contrast administered in a large dose over several minutes

A

Bolus (use w/CT scan

46
Q

IV contrast administered over an extended period of time

A

Infusion

47
Q

When an anatomical area is filled or outlined by a Positive contrast media, the area will appear white on the image
All positive contrast media except barium contain iodine

A

Radiopaque

48
Q

Negative contrast media making the area appear darker on the image
Air or gas

A

Radiolucent

49
Q

What is the most common type of contrast used to image the GI system

A

Barium

50
Q

Barium

A

Does not dissolve; remains suspended in solution

Barium(56) and iodine(53) both contain high atomic numbers

51
Q

Chemical structure is

A

different for ionic & nonionic contrast

Differs in the number of particles in solution; not the number of iodine compounds

52
Q

The iodine provides

A

the contrast or density difference between an organ and its surrounding tissue

53
Q

Weight of the ion

Can cause side effects for patients

A

Osmolality

54
Q

Ionic contrast have a higher

A

osmolality (hyperosmotic to body fluids)

55
Q

Nonionic contrast has

A

an osmolality closer to human plasma

Less likely to cause reactions

56
Q

Adverse reactions

A

Range from mild to severe

57
Q

Vasovagal response

A

Reaction to the procedure and not the contrast agent; high anxiety

58
Q

Most reactions to IV contrast media occur within

A

the first five (5) minutes after administration

A delayed reaction is also possible

59
Q

Five rights of drug administration

Golden rules of drug administration

A 
Right drug
Right amount
Right patient
Right time
Right route
60
Q

Equipment for Venipuncture

A 
Needle
Tourniquet
Alcohol wipes or antiseptic solution
Tape or tegaderm
Gauze
Contrast
Syringe
Bandaid
61
Q

Plastic syringe

A

Tip – needle attaches
Barrel – body of syringe
Plunger –part that fits into the barrel
Vary in size: 1 – 50 mL size capacity

62
Q

Luer-Lok syringes

A

Locking device on the tip to hold needle firmly in place

63
Q

Needle

A

Stainless steel

64
Q

3 Components of needle

A

Hub
Cannula or shaft
Bevel

65
Q

Part that attaches to the syringe

A

Hub

66
Q

Length of metal part

A

Cannula or shaft

67
Q

Sharp slanted tip of the needle

A

Bevel

68
Q

Gauge

A

(viscosity of fluid determine size)
Thickness or diameter of the needle
14 to 28

69
Q

Length (area for injection/condition of patient determine)

A

Measurement in inches of the shaft portion

½ to 4 ½ inches

70
Q

The smaller the diameter of the shaft of the needle

A

the larger the gauge number will be.
25 gauge needle has a very small diameter
18 gauge needle has a large diameter

71
Q

Which gauge is often used to draw a drug or solution into a syringe but seldom used to inject into the patient

A

18 gauge

72
Q

Package labeled 20g/1 ½ indicates that

A

the needle is 20 gauge and 1 ½ inches long (length)

73
Q

Bevel Varies from

A

long to short

74
Q

subcutaneous & intramuscular injections

A

Long bevel

75
Q

intravenous injections

A

Short bevel

76
Q

Bevel always

A

up

77
Q

Sealed glass container designed to hold a single dose

Intended for one use

A

Ampule Container

78
Q

Small glass bottle with a sealed rubber cap and metal band; plastic cap
Different sizes; multiple doses within one

A

Vial container

79
Q

Opening an Ambule

A

Hold upright and flick top with a finger until all the drug is in the bottom of the ambule
Gauze is wrapped around the indented neck and the top is snapped off
Discard any unused contrast

80
Q

Opening A Vial

A

Remove plastic cap from top of vial
Determine amount to be withdrawn and draw up same amount of air into syringe
Attach needle to syringe

81
Q

Insert needle into vial and inject air

A

Fluid will replace air in syringe

Place tip of needle above level of fluid before injection of air to prevent air bubbles in the solution

82
Q

Vein Selection

A

Carefully assess area to determine best location for venipuncture

83
Q

Things to consider for Vein Selection

A 
Type of contrast
Length of procedure
Bolus or infusion
Age and physical condition of patient
Medical history
84
Q

Never use ………for Vein Selection

A

the anterior wrist

Extreme pain and damage may result to radial nerve

85
Q

Venipuncture Procedure

A

Retract and anchor vein distally with finger.
Hold needle @ a 20 to 30 degree angle with bevel up for proper insertion (hold the vein tie w/fingers)
Look for blood return in flashback chamber and advance catheter into vein (separate the needle ??
Secure catheter and release tourniquet
Connect syringe or tubing to catheter

Patient Care (19 decks)

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